Summary
Pseudomonads are a diverse and ecologically successful group of γ-proteobacteria present in many environments (terrestrial, freshwater and marine), either free living or associated with plants or animals. Their success is at least partly based on their ability to grow over a wide range of temperatures, their capacity to withstand different kinds of stress and their great metabolic versatility. Although the optimal growth temperature of pseudomonads is usually close to 25–30°C, many strains can also grow between 5°C and 10°C, and some of them even close to 0°C. Such low temperatures strongly affect the physicochemical properties of macromolecules, forcing cells to evolve traits that optimize growth and help them withstand cold-induced stresses such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced membrane fluidity and enzyme activity, cold-induced protein denaturation and the greater stability of DNA and RNA secondary structures. This review gathers the information available on the strategies used by pseudomonads to adapt to low temperature growth, and briefly describes some of the biotechnological applications that might benefit from cold-adapted bacterial strains and enzymes, e.g., biotransformation or bioremediation processes to be performed at low temperatures.

Features of pseudomonads growing at low temperatures: another facet of their versatility

Understanding the mechanisms of microbiome species coexistence is one of the major challenges confronted by microbiome ecologists today. Recent research largely advocates that the niche, biogeographic, and neutral/stochastic processes interactively determine the microbiome community composition across spatio-temporal scales in the ecosystem. However, current research is mainly exploratory and descriptive, and it is still difficult to link the observed microbiome species or functional trait diversity patterns to the ecosystem functioning on local, regional, and global scales. Similarly, whether and how climate and land-use changes impact the patterns of microbiome functional ecology remains to be studied. Moreover, little is known about how climate and land-use changes are linked to evolution or loss of microbial functional traits. Future research should nevertheless investigate the patterns of microbiome functional diversity across the velocity of climate and land-use changes, and attempt to integrate the patterns with functions in broader contexts of functional traits and community ecology.

https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783319116648-c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1490301-p176995705

Theories, Mechanisms and Patterns of Microbiome Species Coexistence in an Era of Climate Change

In this study, we investigated the effects of a change in growth temperature on the transcriptome of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chosen P. aeruginosa strains were M18 and PAO1, which are adapted to two different niches, rhizosphere and human, respectively. To assess the changes induced by a change in temperature, we used a newly designed microarray covering the complete genome of four P. aeruginosa strains: PAO1, M18, PA14 and LESB58, which proved informative and reliable for the transcriptome study. Using the microarray, we analysed the transcriptome profile changes of two P. aeruginosa strains of M18 and PAO1 at their originating and non-originating temperatures: 28 °C for the rhizosphere and 37 °C for the human. The transcriptome profiles showed significant temperature-dependent differences (64.8 % in M18 and 66.8 % in PAO1) compared with the genome structure (6 % in M18 and 4.1 % in PAO1). Furthermore, we found that the specific induced genes at the non-originating growth temperature of the each strain (207 genes in M18 and 229 genes in PAO1) were evidently more than those induced at the originating growth temperature (158 genes in M18 and 169 genes in PAO1). The functional analysis of several newly found specific regulated operons (such as phh, liu, hmg) in the two strains indicated possible strategies implemented to respond to the non-originating temperature. This study provides new insight into how P. aeruginosa species responds to temperature change and a microarray platform covering the complete genomes of four widely studied P. aeruginosa strains.

Comparative analysis of temperature-dependent transcriptome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from rhizosphere and human habitats

Traits used by bacteria to enhance ecological performance in natural environments are not well understood. Recognizing that the saprophytic plant-colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 experiences temperatures in its natural environment significantly cooler than the 28°C routinely used in the laboratory, we identified proteins differentially expressed between 28°C and the more environmentally relevant temperature of 14°C. Of 2102 protein isoforms, 32 were temperature responsive and identified by mass spectrometry. Seven of these (OmpR, MucD, GuaD, OsmY and three of unknown function, Tee1, Tee2 and Tee3) were selected for genetic and ecological analyses. In each instance, changes in protein expression with temperature were mirrored by parallel transcriptional changes. The fitness contribution of the genes encoding each of the seven proteins was larger at 14°C than 28°C and included two cases of trade-offs (enhanced fitness at one temperature and reduced fitness at the other -mucD and tee2 deletions). The relationship between the fitness effects of genes in vitro and in vivo was variable, but two temperature-responsive genes -osmY and mucD- contribute substantially to the ability of P. fluorescens to colonize the plant environment.

/pdf/testing-temperature-induced-proteomic-changes-in-the-plant-5e80lct7v4.pdf

Testing temperature-induced proteomic changes in the plant-associated bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25

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Testing temperature-induced proteomic changes in the plant-associated bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25