This paper aims to evaluate the capabilities of multi-frequency microwave radiometers in monitoring forest ecosystems. Radiometric measurements were carried out on forest areas by using airborne and satellite sensors. The forests monitored with airborne sensors were six permanent plots selected among the most frequent ecosystem types of broadleaved forests, including: beech, Turkey oak and Holm oak. The selected areas were located at various altitudes in Tuscany, Italy. The performed radiometric observations have indicated the sensitivity of multi-frequency microwave emission to forest type and biomass. The highest frequencies (Ka and X) have been successful in distinguishing different forest types, whereas Lband has been found to be the most significant frequency for estimating woody volume and basal area. Satellite data were collected from SSM/I over two yearly cycles on the Evergreen Spruce forest in Russia, and the Needle-leaved deciduous forest of Larix (Jiagedaqi) in China. Results obtained on the evergreen forest indicated that different levels of brightness are mostly due to surface temperature variations, whilst the measurements on Jiagedaqi confirmed the sensitivity of microwave emission to vegetation cycle. Simulations performed at L-band with a discrete element radiative transfer model were found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data.

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Forest monitoring at local and global scale with passive microwave sensors.

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Forest monitoring at local and global scale with passive microwave sensors.