The formation and growth of bubbles at a submerged orifice

Pressure oscillation of submerged steam condensation in condensation oscillation regime

An improved differential bubble pressure surface tensiometer which has increased accuracy while still being inexpensive, easy to operate, and versatile has been developed. It has potential as a valuable research tool and is capable of on-line adaptation. This tensiometer incorporates improvements over earlier differential bubble tensiometers both in design and in method of operation. Experimental results at temperatures between 120 and 300 K and at pressures to 4 MPa are presented, comparing the new method to the conventional differential capillary rise method. The results show that the improved differential bubble pressure method's accuracy is ±0.1 mN/m and its repeatability is ±0.03 mN/m. Development of the theory for the technique has led to simple methods for deriving surface tension from directly measured quantities without iterative calculations. First-order corrections for inertial and viscous effects are also presented. These become significant for systems with densities above 5000 kg/m 3 or viscosities above 1 Pa · s.

Improved differential bubble pressure surface tensiometer

Heat transfer — A review of 1973 literature

Steam bubble formation at a submerged orifice in quiescent water

Numerical approach to non-spherical vapour bubble dynamics

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Numerical approach to non-spherical vapour bubble dynamics