Porous carbon materials are of interest in many applications because of their high surface area and physicochemical properties. Conventional syntheses can only produce randomly porous materials, with little control over the pore-size distributions, let alone mesostructures. Recent breakthroughs in the preparation of other porous materials have resulted in the development of methods for the preparation of mesoporous carbon materials with extremely high surface areas and ordered mesostructures, with potential applications as catalysts, separation media, and advanced electronic materials in many scientific disciplines. Current syntheses can be categorized as either hard-template or soft-template methods. Both are examined in this Review along with procedures for surface functionalization of the carbon materials obtained.

Mesoporous Carbon Materials: Synthesis and Modification

Recent progress in syntheses of porous carbons with designed pore architecture has rejuvenated the field of carbon chemistry and promises to provide new advanced materials. In order to reap the full benefit of designer carbons, it is necessary to develop chemistries for functionalizing the porous carbon surfaces. This Review examines methods of functionalizing porous carbon through direct incorporation of heteroatoms in the carbon synthesis, surface oxidation and activation, halogenation, sulfonation, grafting, attachment of nanoparticles and surface coating with polymers. Methods of characterizing the functionalized carbon materials and applications that benefit from functionalized nanoporous carbons with designed architecture are also highlighted.

Functionalization of Porous Carbon Materials with Designed Pore Architecture

Since mesoporous silicates (M41S) were first discovered in the early 1990s, organic–inorganic assembly combined with sol–gel processes by using surfactants as structure-directing agents had been considered to be the major pathway for creating mesoscaled periodic materials. However, unfortunately, many mesostructured materials could not be prepared by the sol–gel process. Nanocasting, using highly ordered mesoporous silica as a template, has brought forward incredible possibilities in preparing novel mesostructured materials, and has led to a great number of ordered nanowire arrays with: a) small diameter (<10 nm); b) large surface areas (up to 2500 m2 g-1) and uniform mesopores (1.5–10 nm); c) tunable 2-D or 3-D mesostructures; d) controlled morphology such as spheres, rods, films, and monoliths; and e) different components including carbon, metals, metal oxides and metal sulfides. We intend to review the results of research into replica mesostructures by nanocasting in recent years from the viewpoint of synthesis. Detailed synthetic processes are described, and problems that are often encountered in the procedure are discussed with several solutions. Many mesostructured replicas are introduced, sorted by their components, including synthetic methods, characteristics of the materials, applications and future challenges. Finally, a simple view of the prospects in this area is provided.

Synthesis of replica mesostructures by the nanocasting strategy

Ordered mesoporous materials have inspired prominent research interest due to their unique properties and functionalities and potential applications in adsorption, separation, catalysis, sensors, drug delivery, energy conversion and storage, and so on. Thanks to continuous efforts over the past two decades, great achievements have been made in the synthesis and structural characterization of mesoporous materials. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in preparing ordered mesoporous materials from the viewpoint of interfacial assembly and engineering. Five interfacial assembly and synthesis are comprehensively highlighted, including liquid-solid interfacial assembly, gas-liquid interfacial assembly, liquid-liquid interfacial assembly, gas-solid interfacial synthesis, and solid-solid interfacial synthesis, basics about their synthesis pathways, princples and interface engineering strategies.

Ordered mesoporous materials based on interfacial assembly and engineering.

Fuctionalization of porous carbon materials through chemical methods orientates the development of new hybrid materials with specific functions. In this paper, a comprehensive study of pore evolution, mesostructural oxidation resistance, and simultaneous surface functionalization of ordered mesoporous carbon FDU-15 under various oxidation conditions is presented for the first time. The mesostructure and pore evolution with increasing oxidative strength are retrieved from XRD, TEM, and N(2) sorption techniques. The textural properties can be conveniently manipulated by changing the oxidation parameters, including different oxidative solution, temperature, and duration. It is revealed that the mesoporous carbon FDU-15 shows excellent structural stability under severe oxidation treatments by acidic (NH(4))(2)S(2)O(8), HNO(3), and H(2)O(2) solutions, much more stable than the mesostructural analogue CMK-3 carbon prepared by the nanocasting method. The surface area and porosity deteriorate to a large extent compared to the pristine carbon, with the micropores/small mesopores as the major contribution to the deterioration. The micropore/small mesopore can be blocked by the attached surface oxides under mild oxidation, while reopened with more carbon layer dissolution under more severe conditions. Simultaneously, high densities of surface oxygen complexes, especially carboxylic groups, can be generated. The contents and properties of the surface oxygen-containing groups are extensively studied by FTIR, TG, elemental analyses, and water and ammonia adsorption techniques. Such surface-functionalized mesoporous carbons can be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for immobilization of heavy metal ions as well as functional organic and biomolecules, with high capacities and excellent binding capabilities. Thus, we believe that the functionalized mesoporous carbon materials can be utilized as a promising solid and stable support for water treatment and organic/biomolecules immobilization and may be applicable in drug delivery, separation, adsorption technology, and columns for GC and HPLC systems in the near future.

Comprehensive Study of Pore Evolution, Mesostructural Stability, and Simultaneous Surface Functionalization of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (FDU-15) by Wet Oxidation as a Promising Adsorbent

Ordered mesoporous carbon molecular sieves designated as CMK-1 and CMK-5 were synthesized by using nanocasting technique with the synthetic procedures reported previously After carboxylic acid groups were generated on the carbon frameworks through the partial oxidation with nitric acid, pore walls of the mesoporous carbons were functionalized with various organic and organometallic functional groups using esterification and amidization reactions Mn-Schiff base complex grafted on the mesoporous carbon surface by using ester bond formation showed remarkable catalytic activity for partial oxidation of cyclohexene The mesoporous carbons were also functionalizable with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), which could be used for the effective removal of heavy metal ions

Ordered mesoporous carbon molecular sieves with functionalized surfaces

Selective catalytic activity of ball-shaped Pd@MCM-48 nanocatalysts.

Remarkable selectivity is achieved in the cleavage of benzyl ethers using ball-shaped palladium nanocatalysts, Pd@MCM-48, in an MCM-48 matrix. The unique nanocatalysts not only feature unprecedented complete hydrogenolysis selectivity of a benzyl ether over hydrogenation of a double bond, but also demonstrate selective cleavage of unsubstituted benzyl ether over substituted benzyl ethers.

Selective Catalytic Activity of Ball-Shaped Pd@MCM-48 Nanocatalysts.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Suyoung Ryu

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Ordered mesoporous carbon molecular sieves with functionalized surfaces

Selective catalytic activity of ball-shaped Pd@MCM-48 nanocatalysts.

Selective Catalytic Activity of Ball-Shaped Pd@MCM-48 Nanocatalysts.