This systematic review with meta-analyses sought to answer whether casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) provided a remineralizing benefit superior to that of nonintervention or placebo. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, Cochrane databases, PubMed, EmBase, and Ovid up to May 20th, 2019, were scanned, only published in English. Study information extraction and methodological quality assessments were accomplished independently by two reviewers. The “Criteria for judging risk of bias in the ‘Risk of bias’ assessment tool” was used for methodological quality assessment. The continuous data was analyzed by mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Review Manager 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Outcome variables include quantitative light-induced fluorescence in clinical research, average surface roughness and surface microhardness in vitro. There were significant differences in the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (SMD = − 0.43, 95% CI: [− 0.79, − 0.07], P = 0.02), average surface roughness (SMD = − 8.21, 95% CI: [− 10.37, − 6.04], P < 0.01), Vickers microhardness (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI: [0.72, 1.66], P < 0.01), and Knoop microhardness (SMD = 3.52, 95% CI: [2.68, 4.36], P < 0.01) between the CPP-ACP and control groups or baseline. Within the limitations of this meta-analysis, CPP-ACP exhibited excellent remineralization effects evaluated in clinical research and in vitro, indicating outstanding restoration of form, aesthetics, and function in treating white spot lesions.

/pdf/evaluation-of-the-efficacy-of-casein-phosphopeptide-1jnt65zqdp.pdf

Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white spot lesions in vitro and clinical research: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP, Tooth Mousse) containing and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF, Tooth Mousse Plus) containing pastes on dental erosion. Materials and methods Thirty permanent non-carious premolars indicated for orthodontic extraction were included in this study and were sectioned in mesiodistal direction vertically. After immersion in the carbonated drink for 14 min, samples were treated with various remineralizing pastes which were CPP-ACP containing paste (Tooth Mousse) and CPP-ACPF containing paste (Tooth Mousse Plus) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Vickers Microhardness was recorded at baseline, after exposure to erosive drink and after treatment with remineralizing pastes. Data obtained was statistically analysed using Student t -test with a level of significance set at p Results CPP-ACP (Tooth Mousse) and CPP-ACP with fluoride (Tooth Mousse Plus) resulted in 30.52% and 38.98% increase in post-erosion microhardness values respectively. The remineralizing potential of CPP-ACP with fluoride containing paste (Tooth Mousse Plus) was significantly better than that of CPP-ACP containing paste (Tooth Mousse) ( p Conclusion Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF, Tooth Mousse Plus) can be recommended to be used in preventing erosive tooth wear from acidic beverages.

Remineralizing potential of various agents on dental erosion.

Background Self-assembling peptide has been recently introduced to promote hard tissue regeneration for treating early non-cavitated carious lesions. This study investigates the efficacy of biomimetic self-assembling peptide (P11-4) on enamel remineralization combined with CPP-ACPF or fluoride. Material and methods Artificial enamel lesions were created on buccal surface of 60 specimens and were randomly assigned to six groups according to the remineralizing agent: G1-(Control, artificial saliva), G2-(Fluoride varnish), G3-(CPP-ACPF varnish), G4-(Self-assembling peptide), G5-(Self-assembling peptide+fluoride varnish), G6-(Self-assembling peptide+CPP-ACPF varnish). All products were applied according to manufacturer's instructions and specimens were stored in a daily renewed artificial saliva. Surface microhardness (SMH) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were assessed at baseline, after demineralization, 1 week and 4 weeks storage. SMH values were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results The highest statistically significant SMH values were found in G6 followed by G5, G4, G2 and G3 while the lowest values were found in G1. No statistically significant difference was found between G5 and G6. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between G2 and G3. SEM showed that G4, G5, G6 resulted in more pronounced remineralization, reversing the demineralized enamel fish scale pattern compared to G2 and G3 after 1 week and 4 week remineralization. Conclusions Complementary effect was obtained after combining self-assembling peptide with CPP-ACPF or fluoride showing the highest remineralizing potential early after 1 week and even after 4 weeks compared to when each agent used alone. Added benefits can be obtained through combining self-assembling peptide with other remineralzing agents allowing faster and enhanced regeneration of non-cavitated caries lesions. Key words:Enamel regeneration, biomimetic remineralization, self-assembling peptide, CPP-ACPF, fluoride.

/pdf/complementary-remineralizing-effect-of-self-assembling-497xvzzh7d.pdf

Complementary remineralizing effect of self-assembling peptide (P11-4) with CPP-ACPF or fluoride: An in vitro study.

Since past few years, there have been many strategies to combat dental caries, erosion, hypersensitivity, and many other oral conditions. The last decade has seen many advanced researches in the field of dentistry. The scope of dentistry has evolved from only a curative one to a largely preventive one. There have been technologies available for the minimal invasive cure of dental caries, early diagnosis and early reversal of the initial carious lesion using nonoperative techniques. There has also more focus being made to treat dental caries as a process rather than curing the lesion only. The role of saliva, demineralization and remineralization has been better understood. The aim of this paper is to review the contemporary nonfluoridated systems available for remineralization therapy and ideas for their implementation into clinical practice. A search of articles from PubMed and Medline and databases like Google and Google scholar, ScienceDirect and Wiley with the keywords remineralization, demineralization, nonfluoridated demineralizing agents was conducted in the month of August 2012 out of a total 114 articles, 86 articles have been used in the present evidence-based review.

Nonfluoride remineralization: An evidence-based review of contemporary technologies

The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of different products containing fluoride, calcium and phosphate for enamel remineralization in eroded primary teeth. A total of 90 sound primary canine teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups of 18 teeth each: 1) control (polished enamel), 2) 5% DuraShield sodium fluoride varnish, 3) 500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste, 4) casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) cream, and 5) Clinpro White varnish containing functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP). Enamel microhardness (EMH) was measured in all samples before and after demineralization and after 28 days of remineralization. Also 8 samples in groups 2 to 5 and four samples of sound and demineralized enamel were examined with atomic force microscopy (AFM). All data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Mean microhardness of demineralized enamel was significantly lower than in enamel at baseline (p<0.001). Remineralization significantly increased microharness in groups 2 to 5 compared to the control group (p<0.001). Percent EMH after remineralization with CPP-ACP was significantly higher than after fTCP (p=0.029), toothpaste (p< 0.001) or fluoride varnish (p<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between toothpaste and fluoride varnish (p=0.062). Microhardness increased more after fTCP treatment than after treatment with sodium fluoride varnish (p<0.001) or fluoridated toothpaste (p=0.045). AFM images showed that enamel roughness decreased most after treatment with fTCP, followed by CPP-ACP, toothpaste and fluoride varnish. The efficacy of CPP-ACP cream for remineralizing eroded enamel was greater than fluoride toothpaste, fluoride varnish or fTCP varnish.

Efficacy of calcium- and fluoride-containing materials for the remineralization of primary teeth with early enamel lesion.

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the remineralization potential of dental products containing calcium on human enamel softened by soft drinks Fifty sound human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups (n=10): artificial saliva, 1,000 ppm fluoride toothpaste, CPP-ACP paste, CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride paste and tricalcium phosphate with 950 ppm fluoride paste All specimens were immersed in cola soft drink and artificial saliva for 10 cycles of 5 seconds each; this procedure was repeated twice at six-hour intervals All specimens were remineralized by treatment with the dental products mentioned above for 5 minutes and kept in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C for 6 hours The surface microhardness of the enamel was measured with a Vickers hardness tester (100 grams, 15 seconds) at baseline, after erosion and after remineralization Comparison of the mean microhardness numbers within groups was made by one-way repeated measures ANOVA and between groups with the one-way ANOVA with a level of significance of p<005 The mean surface microhardness in all groups decreased significantly after being eroded by the soft drink and increased after treatment After remineralization treament, the mean surface microhardness of the artificial saliva group was significantly less than the other groups The CPP-ACP paste, CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride paste and tricalcium phosphate with 950 ppm fluoride paste treatments all increased the hardness of the teeth in vitro

Effect of various forms of calcium in dental products on human enamel microhardness in vitro.

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Effect of various forms of calcium in dental products on human enamel microhardness in vitro.