https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1939-4551-7-12.pdf

Allergic diseases and asthma: a global public health concern and a call to action

DOI:10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834ec13b The prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma is increasing worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Moreover, the complexity and severity of allergic diseases, including asthma, continue to increase especially in children and young adults, who are bearing the greatest burden of these trends. In order to address this major global challenge that threatens health and economies alike, it is important to have a global action plan that includes partnerships involving different stakeholders from low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Allergic diseases include life-threatening anaphylaxis, food allergies, certain forms of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, urticaria, eczema, eosinophilic disorders, including eosinophilic esophagitis, and drug and insect allergies. Globally, 300 million people suffer from asthma and about 200–250 million people suffer from food allergies [1]. One-tenth of the population suffers from drug allergies and 400 million from rhinitis [1]. Moreover, allergic diseases commonly occur together in the same individual, one disease with the other. This requires an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment and greater awareness of the underlying causes among family physicians, patients as well as specialists. A recent report from the World Allergy Organization, the WAO White Book on Allergy [1], summarizes the burden of allergic diseases worldwide, the risk factors, impact on quality of life of patients, morbidity, mortality, their socio-economic consequences, recommended treatment strategies, future therapies, and the cost–benefit analyses of care services. For instance, asthma prevalence is rising in several high as well as low-income and middle-income countries, and the prevalence and impact of allergic diseases continue to grow. According to the World Health Organization, the number of patients having asthma is 300 million and with the rising trends it is expected to increase to 400 million by 2025. Patients with asthma and allergic diseases have a reduced quality of life. According to the World Health Organization,

Allergic diseases and asthma: a major global health concern

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1939-4551-5-S3-S212.pdf

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma in Asia Pacific and the ARIA Update 2008

Background: The prevalence of childhood bronchial asthma and allergic disease has increased in developed countries. Studies have identified asthma among Indian children. Still, there is paucity of information on the overall prevalence of childhood asthma in India. Objective: To assess time trends and the overall prevalence rate of bronchial asthma among Indian children. Materials and Methods: Literature search for data sources was done through an extensive search in indexed literatures and website-based population survey reports. Fifteen epidemiological studies were identified on the development of asthma in Indian children from 300 potentially relevant articles. A broad criterion to define both allergic and non-allergic descriptions of asthma in Indian children was formed. Moreover, in the absence of universally accepted criteria by reporting of prevalence by researchers, weighted average data was considered during calculations of prevalence rates, irrespective of the criteria for diagnosis. Statistical analyses used were mean and median. Results: Wide differences in samples, primary outcome variables, lack of consistency in age category, rural-urban variation, criteria for positive diagnosis, and study instruments confounded the outcome variables. The mean prevalence was 7.24 ± SD 5.42. The median prevalence was 4.75% [with IQR = 2.65 - 12.35%]. Overall weighted mean prevalence was found to be 2.74. Childhood asthma among children 13 - 14 years of age was lower than the younger children (6 - 7 years of age). Urban and male predominance with wide inter-regional variation in prevalence was observed. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the burden of bronchial asthma in Indian children is higher than was previously understood.

Prevalence of bronchial asthma in Indian children.

SPECIAL ARTICLE The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma is markedly increasing worldwide as societies adopt western life styles. Allergic sensitization is an important risk factor for asthma and AR, and asthma often co-exists with AR. An estimated 300 million people worldwide have asthma, about 50% of whom live in developing countries and about 400 million people suffer from AR. Yet, AR is often under-diagnosed and under-treated due to a lack of appreciation of the disease burden and its impact on quality of life, as well as its social impact at school and at the workplace. However, AR with or without asthma is a huge economic burden. Thus, there was clearly a need for a global evidence-based document which would highlight the interactions between the upper and lower airways including diagnosis, epidemiology, common risk factors, management and prevention. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) document was first published in 2001 as a state-of-the-art guide-line for the specialist, the general practitioner and other health care professionals. Subsequent new evidence re-garding the pathomechanisms, new drugs and increased knowledge have resulted in the publication of the ARIA 2008 update. The present review summarizes the ARIA update with particular emphasis on the current status of AR and asthma in the Asia-Pacific region and discusses the Western and Asian perspective. Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are the most common allergic airway diseases with epidemic proportions. AR is an IgE-mediated symptomatic disorder of the nose due to the interaction of an al-lergen with IgE resulting in the release of a variety of mediators that induce the typical symptoms of rhi-norrhea, sneezing, itching and nasal blockage. IgE-mediated inflammation of the airways can either manifest as AR, asthma or both. Globally, over 400 million people suffer from AR 1-4 with differences between rural and urban areas, developed and de-veloping countries. 3,5-7 These differences may in part be explained by differences in their immune res-ponses. 8 Allergic rhinitis markedly affects social life, sleep, school and work 8-11 and its From the 1 Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3 National Cooperative Group of Pediatric Research on Asthma, Asthma Clinic and Education Center of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking, China, 4 Dokkyo University, Tochigi, Japan, 5 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 6 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet-nam, 7 Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 8 Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 9 Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 10 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Sin-gapore, 11 First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China, 12 Geneva, Switzerland, 13 University Hospital and INSERM, Montpellier, France. Correspondence: Ruby Pawankar E-mail: rpawankar@gmail.com Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Update (ARIA 2008) - Western and Asian-Pacific Perspective Ruby Pawankar 1 , Chaweewan Bunnag 2 , Yuzhi Chen 3 , Takeshi Fukuda 4 , You-Young Kim 5 , Lan Thi Tuyet Le 6 , Le Thi Thu Huong 7 , Robyn E O’Hehir 8 , Ken Ohta 9 , Pakit Vichyanond 2 , De-Yun Wang 10 , Nanshan Zhong 11 , Nikolai Khaltaev 12 and Jean Bousquet 13, *

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma update (ARIA 2008) - Western and Asian-Pacific perspective.

Objective
Although bronchial asthma causes a great deal of morbidity among children in Bangladesh, few epidemiological studies addressed this problem. The study aims to determine the prevalence of wheezing and its association with environmental and host factors.

Asthma in rural Bangladeshi children

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Asthma in rural Bangladeshi children