Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen.

Summary: The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.

/pdf/epidemiology-diagnosis-and-antimicrobial-treatment-of-acute-43ep6kfjgd.pdf

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

http://media.hsl.washington.edu/media/classes/Nurs415Article8.pdf

Bacterial meningitis in children

Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes : 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature

Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and monitoring and voluntary recall of contaminated products has resulted in a 44% reduction in the prevalence of perinatal listeriosis in the USA. Pregnant women are at high risk for listeriosis, but symptoms are non-specific and diagnosis is difficult. The intracellular life-cycle of Listeria protects the bacterium from host innate and adaptive immune responses. Antibiotic treatment requires agents able to penetrate, distribute, and remain stable within host cells. Prolonged use of high-dose ampicillin can significantly improve neonatal outcome.

/pdf/listeriosis-in-human-pregnancy-a-systematic-review-48g30vudn8.pdf

Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review.

Listeria meningitis in infants and children.

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Listeria meningitis in infants and children.