We present a novel sketch-based system for the interactive modeling of a variety of free-form 3D objects using just a few strokes. Our technique is inspired by the traditional illustration strategy for depicting 3D forms where the basic geometric forms of the subjects are identified, sketched and progressively refined using few key strokes. We introduce two parametric surfaces, rotational and cross sectional blending, that are inspired by this illustration technique. We also describe orthogonal deformation and cross sectional oversketching as editing tools to complement our modeling techniques. Examples with models ranging from cartoon style to botanical illustration demonstrate the capabilities of our system.

Sketch-based modeling with few strokes

This paper proposes an extension to the existing automatic pencil drawing generation technique based on line integral convolution (LIC). The original LIC pencil filter utilizes image segmentation and texture direction detection techniques for defining outlines and stroke directions, and the quality of a resulting image depends largely on the result of image segmentation. It may fail to generate a reasonable result when the segmentation result is not consistent with the structure of the input image. To solve this problem, we propose in this paper to avoid the explicit region subdivision. Instead, we divide a source image into layers of successive intensity ranges, generate a stroke image for each layer, and add them together to obtain the final pencil drawing.

https://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/cgiv.2004.1323994

Enhanced LIC pencil filter

An artist usually does not draw all the areas in a picture homogeneously but tries to make the work more expressive by emphasizing what is important while eliminating irrelevant details. Creating expressive painterly images with such accentuation effect remains to be a challenge because of the subjectivity of information selection. This paper presents a novel technique for automatically converting an input image into a pencil drawing with such emphasis and elimination effect. The proposed technique utilizes saliency map, a computational model for visual attention, to predict the focus of attention in the input image. A new level of detail controlling algorithm using multi-resolution pyramid is also developed for locally adapting the rendering parameters, such as the density, orientation and width of pencil strokes, to the degree of attention defined by saliency map. Experimental results show that the images generated with the proposed method present the visual effect similar to that of the real pencil drawing and can successfully direct the viewer’s attention toward the focus.

/pdf/automatic-generation-of-accentuated-pencil-drawing-with-z69fxyy7c7.pdf

Automatic generation of accentuated pencil drawing with saliency map and LIC

A picture is one of important research subjects in order to make our life spiritually rich. Most studies on pictures, however, only propose some substitute functions of actual drawing or painting materials. There is no system that evaluates pictures drawn by users and gives advice about them. We propose a learning support system for basic techniques in beginner's pencil drawing. The proposed system receives a subject (motif) data set and an image of user's sketch and returns advice to the user. The system is composed of the four subsystems: feature extraction of motifs, feature extraction of sketches, error identification, and generation and presentation of advice. We developed and experimented a prototype system limited to treat a basic motif and some principal advice. As a result, the validity of the proposed system was confirmed.

https://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/CGI.2003.1214484

An educational tool for basic techniques in beginner's pencil drawing

A picture is one of important research subjects to make our life spiritually rich. Most studies on pictures, however, only propose some substitute functions of actual drawing or painting materials. There is no system that evaluates pictures drawn by users and gives advice about them. We propose a learning support system of beginner's pencil drawing that is the basis of pictures. Our system receives a motif data set and a user's sketch image, and returns advice to the user. The processing is composed of the four functions: feature extraction of motifs, feature extraction of sketches, error identification, and generation and presentation of advice. We developed and experimented a prototype system limited to treat a basic motif and principal advice. As a result, the validity of the proposed system was confirmed.

A learning support system for beginners in pencil drawing

Rendering in pencil

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Rendering in pencil