Worldwide, about 65 million people are estimated to have epilepsy. Epidemiologic studies are necessary to define the full public health burden of epilepsy; to set public health and health care priorities; to provide information needed for prevention, early detection, and treatment; to identify education and service needs; and to promote effective health care and support programs for people with epilepsy. However, different definitions and epidemiologic methods complicate the tasks of these studies and their interpretations and comparisons. The purpose of this document is to promote consistency in definitions and methods in an effort to enhance future population-based epidemiologic studies, facilitate comparison between populations, and encourage the collection of data useful for the promotion of public health. We discuss: (1) conceptual and operational definitions of epilepsy, (2) data resources and recommended data elements, and (3) methods and analyses appropriate for epidemiologic studies or the surveillance of epilepsy. Variations in these are considered, taking into account differing resource availability and needs among countries and differing purposes among studies.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x

Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy

Acute symptomatic seizures must be distinguished from unprovoked seizures and separately categorized for epidemiologic purposes. These recommendations are based upon the best available data at the ...

/pdf/recommendation-for-a-definition-of-acute-symptomatic-seizure-1zln0vr135.pdf

Recommendation for a definition of acute symptomatic seizure

Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus infection.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-6 and -11 are the causative agents of ano-genital wans (GWs) and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). They are low-risk HPV types that are uncommonly found in malignant lesions. GWs are an extremely prevalent sexually transmitted disease, whereas RRP is a rare disease that can be life threatening and requires multiple surgical procedures. GWs and RRP cause substantial healthcare costs. A quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine (Merck/SPMSD) has shown essentially 100% protection against GWs in women in early studies. Cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to assess the benefits of the HPV-6/11 virus-like particle (VLP) components of the quadrivalent vaccine in population-based vaccination programmes.

Burden and management of non-cancerous HPV-related conditions : HPV-6/11 disease

Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer

Tests of liver function

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Tests of liver function