Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd preventing chronic diseases a vital investment to read.

Preventing Chronic Diseases: A Vital Investment

Findings from observational studies investigating the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of depression were inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise available data on the association between fruit and vegetable intake and depression. A systematic literature search of relevant reports published in Medline/PubMed, ISI (Web of Science), SCOPUS and Google Scholar until Oct 2017 was conducted. Data from 27 publications (sixteen cross-sectional, nine cohort and two case-control studies) on fruit, vegetables and/or total fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to depression were included in the systematic review. A total of eighteen studies that reported relative risks (RR), hazard ratios or OR for the relationship were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR for depression in the highest v. the lowest category of fruit intake was 0·83 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·98) in cohort studies and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·92) in cross-sectional studies. Consumption of vegetables was also associated with a 14 % lower risk of depression (overall RR=0·86; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·98) in cohort studies and a 25 % lower risk of depression (overall RR=0·75; 95 % CI 0·62, 0·91) in cross-sectional studies. Moreover, an inverse significant association was observed between intake of total fruit and vegetables and risk of depression (overall RR=0·80; 95 % CI 0·65, 0·98) in cross-sectional studies. In a non-linear dose-response association, we failed to find any significant association between fruit or vegetable intake and risk of depression (fruit (cross-sectional studies): P non-linearty=0·12; vegetables (cross-sectional studies): P non-linearty<0·001; (cohort studies) P non-linearty=0·97). Meta-regression of included observational studies revealed an inverse linear association between fruit or vegetable intake and risk of depression, such that every 100-g increased intake of fruit was associated with a 3 % reduced risk of depression in cohort studies (RR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·95, 0·99). With regard to vegetable consumption, every 100-g increase in intake was associated with a 3 % reduced risk of depression in cohort studies (RR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·95, 0·98) and 5 % reduced odds in cross-sectional studies (RR=0·95; 95 % CI 0·91, 0·98). This meta-analysis of observational studies provides further evidence that fruit and vegetable intake was protectively associated with depression. This finding supports the current recommendation of increasing fruit and vegetable intake to improve mental health.

/pdf/fruit-and-vegetable-consumption-and-risk-of-depression-3f97kyugko.pdf

Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of depression: accumulative evidence from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

Physical activity (PA) has many beneficial physical and mental health effects. Physical inactivity is considered the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. At present there are no systematic reviews on PA patterns among South Asian adults residing in the region. The present study aims to systematically evaluate studies on PA patterns in South Asian countries. A five-staged comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in Medline, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus using keywords ‘Exercise’, ‘Walking’, ‘Physical activity’, ‘Inactivity’, ‘Physical Activity Questionnaire’, ‘International Physical Activity Questionnaire’, ‘IPAQ’, ‘Global Physical Activity Questionnaire’ and ‘GPAQ’, combined with individual country names. The search was restricted to English language articles conducted in humans and published before 31st December 2012. To obtain additional data a manual search of the reference lists of articles was performed. Data were also retrieved from the search of relevant web sites and online resources. The total number of hits obtained from the initial search was 1,771. The total number of research articles included in the present review is eleven (India-8, Sri Lanka-2, Pakistan-1). In addition, eleven country reports (Nepal-3, Bangladesh-2, India-2, Sri Lanka-2, Bhutan-1, Maldives-1) of World Health Organization STEPS survey from the South-Asian countries were retrieved online. In the research articles the overall prevalence of inactivity was as follows; India (18.5%-88.4%), Pakistan (60.1%) and Sri Lanka (11.0%-31.8%). STEPS survey reports were available from all countries except Pakistan. Overall in majority of STEPS surveys females were more inactive compared to males. Furthermore, leisure related inactivity was >75% in studies reporting inactivity in this domain and people were more active in transport domain when compared with the other domains. In conclusion, our results show that there is a wide variation in the prevalence of physical inactivity among South-Asian adults within and between countries. Furthermore, physical inactivity in South Asian adults was associated with several socio-demographic characteristics. Majority of South Asian adults were inactive during their leisure time. These Factors need to be considered when planning future interventions and research aimed at improving PA in the region.

Physical activity patterns among South-Asian adults : a systematic review

Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Myocardial Infarction Risk: Observations From 52 Countries in the Interheart Case-control Study

Poor housing is an important determinant of poor health. One key aspect of housing quality is lighting. Light is important for visual performance and safety, and also plays a vital role in regulating human physiological functions. This review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the relationship between lighting in the home and health and recommends areas for future research. Three databases were searched for relevant literature using pre-defined inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were qualitatively synthesised according to type of lighting (natural light, artificial light and light at night) and stratified by broad health domains (physical, mental and sleep health). Of the 4043 records retrieved, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was considerable heterogeneity in light exposure metrics used and specific health outcome assessed by the studies. Lighting in the home can negatively affect health but the current evidence base is limited to a small number of studies in different domains of light and health. Further research surrounding specific health outcomes is required to better inform housing quality assessments and lighting practises in the home.

Lighting in the Home and Health: A Systematic Review

https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/19103/1/Research%20Bulletin-14%20Energy%20footprint.pdf

Energy footprints of rice production

Cardiovascular diseases and health care expenditure (HCE) of inpatient and outpatient: A study from India Human Development Survey

Aims: The objective of the present study was to analyse self-reported and measured chronic diseases and their association with alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the study examined the intensity and patterns of alcohol consumption by lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics among respondents with chronic diseases. Methods: Secondary data were analysed from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), Wave 1 (2007–08), covering respondents aged 18 and older (10,914) in India. Chronic diseases, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, asthma, depression and angina were self-reported as diagnoses and measured using validated epidemiological tools. A multivariable adjusted logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of quantity of alcohol consumed and patterns of alcohol consumption with chronic diseases. A multinomial multivariable regression model was used to examine the risk ratio between alcohol consumption and each lifestyle characteristic among the diseased population. Results: About 17.0% (1,432/10,914) of the population consumed alcohol. At 18.0% (1,967/10,914), the prevalence of selfreported chronic diseases was lower than measured chronic diseases (37.5%; 4091/10,914). Moderate drinking was associated with self-reported hypertension (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.55) and measured hypertension (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.16, 2.42). Consumption of three or more alcoholic drinks per session was associated with self-reported depression (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.32, 5.45). Alcohol consumption of more than three drinks per session was associated with vigorous physical activity (RRR = 3.57; 95% CI = 1.25, 10.23). Heavy drinking was associated with the risk of having a body mass index in the overweight range (RRR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.17, 4.47). Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate that alcohol is a risk factor for hypertension, self-reported depression and being overweight, with these associations varying with the amount of alcohol consumed. A coordinated, targeted multisectoral approach is needed to improve knowledge and awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol consumption and to strengthen alcohol use control policies in India.

/pdf/associations-of-alcohol-consumption-with-chronic-diseases-9z8et3lo9p.pdf

Associations of alcohol consumption with chronic diseases, lifestyle behaviors and socioeconomic-demographic characteristics in India

A power operated single row dry land weeder for inter row weeding was developed and evaluated in rice crop and compared with traditional methods of manual weeding. The power weeder consisted of engine, blades assembly and transmission system. Vertical J shape blades were developed and mounted on a circular rotating element on its horizontal side; the motion was transferred to blades units by amended transmission system. The rotating blades cut the weeds and also give forward motion to the machine. Three different row to row spacing 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm and four different type of blade having width 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm and 18 cm has been used in the study. The effect of blade width on forward speeds, depth of operation, field capacity, plant damage, and weeding efficiency, were studied. Cost of operation and energy required per unit area were studied in comparison to the traditional methods. It was found that plant damage and weeding efficiency increased with increase of blade width. For row to row spacing of 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm, blade width of 14 cm, 16 cm and 18 cm, respectively, was recommended because of less plant damage and high weeding efficiency. The developed power weeder helps in reduction of drudgery involved in weeding operation and it also reduces the cost involved in the operation.

Development and evaluation of power operated weeder in rice.

In the present era of development, most of the cities in India are characterized by congestion, inadequate water supply and sanitation, which in turn affect the health of urban people. The objectives of this study are to examine spatial distribution of water and sanitation conditions and its association with morbidity with using NSSO 69th round data. In the urban India, 90.8% Households have accessibility of water, 90.6% Households have latrine facility, 83.3% Households have bathroom facility, 60.4% Households have closed, 27.4% open, and 12.5% not have drainage system, 73.3% waste water disposed in drainage system and 59.7% garbage dumped at dumping sites. Odds ratios reveal statistically significant association between good housing, water and sanitation condition with lower disease prevalence. Households with unsafe drinking water are more likely to have any skin problem (OR: 1.49) and fever other than malaria (OR: 1.22) compared to those with safe drinking water. Findings of the study concludes that improvement in water and sanitation conditions can substantially reduce the rates of diseases prevalence and it can be expected to affect other aspects of human hygiene and health.

https://jassh.info/index.php/jassh/article/download/406/360

Water and Sanitation Conditions and its Negative Impact as Disease Prevalence in India: A State Level Analysis

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