Recently, wearable pressure sensors have attracted tremendous attention because of their potential applications in monitoring physiological signals for human healthcare. Sensitivity and linearity are the two most essential parameters for pressure sensors. Although various designed micro/nanostructure morphologies have been introduced, the trade-off between sensitivity and linearity has not been well balanced. Human skin, which contains force receptors in a reticular layer, has a high sensitivity even for large external stimuli. Herein, inspired by the skin epidermis with high-performance force sensing, we have proposed a special surface morphology with spinosum microstructure of random distribution via the combination of an abrasive paper template and reduced graphene oxide. The sensitivity of the graphene pressure sensor with random distribution spinosum (RDS) microstructure is as high as 25.1 kPa–1 in a wide linearity range of 0–2.6 kPa. Our pressure sensor exhibits superior comprehensive properties com...

Epidermis Microstructure Inspired Graphene Pressure Sensor with Random Distributed Spinosum for High Sensitivity and Large Linearity.

As an important branch of wearable electronics, flexible pressure sensors have attracted extensive research owing to their wide range of applications, such as human–machine interfaces and health monitoring. To fulfill the requirements for different applications, new material design and device fabrication strategies have been developed in order to manipulate the mechanical and electrical properties and enhance device performance. In this paper, the important progresses in flexible pressure sensor development over recent years are selectively reviewed from a material and application perspective. First, an overview of the fundamental working mechanism and the systematic design approach is presented. Particularly, how the theoretical modeling has been used as an auxiliary tool to achieve better sensing performance is discussed. A number of applications, including human–machine interfaces, electronic skin and health monitoring, and certain application‐driven functions, e.g., pressure distribution visualization and direction‐sensitive force detection, are highlighted. Lastly, various advanced manufacturing methods used for realizing large‐scale fabrication are introduced.

Emerging Technologies of Flexible Pressure Sensors: Materials, Modeling, Devices, and Manufacturing

Mimicking Human and Biological Skins for Multifunctional Skin Electronics

Human skin imperfectly discriminates between pressure and temperature stimuli under mixed stimulation, and exhibits nonlinear sensitivity to each stimulus Despite great advances in the field of electronic skin (E-skin), the limitations of human skin have not previously been overcome For the first time, the development of a stimulus-discriminating and linearly sensitive bimodal E-skin that can simultaneously detect and discriminate pressure and temperature stimuli in real time is reported By introducing a novel device design and using a temperature-independent material, near-perfect stimulus discriminability is realized In addition, the hierarchical contact behavior of the surface-wrinkled microstructure and the optimally reduced graphene oxide in the E-skin contribute to linear sensitivity to applied pressure/temperature stimuli over wide intensity range The E-skin exhibits a linear and high pressure sensitivity of 07 kPa-1 up to 25 kPa Its operation is also robust and exhibits fast response to pressure stimulus within 50 ms In the case of temperature stimulus, the E-skin shows a linear and reproducible temperature coefficient of resistance of 083% K-1 in the temperature range 22-70 °C and fast response to temperature change within 100 ms In addition, two types of stimuli are simultaneously detected and discriminated in real time by only impedance measurements

Pressure/Temperature Sensing Bimodal Electronic Skin with Stimulus Discriminability and Linear Sensitivity.

Flexible sensors have shown great potential in remote health monitoring, body movements track, electronic skin, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. Hydrogels possess exceptional stretchability, flexibility and biocompatibility that render them appealing candidates for wearable flexible sensors. Among them, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing conductive hydrogels to achieve multifunctional wearable sensing through using functional groups/additives/nanofillers to modify the hydrogel network in recent years. This review summarizes recent advances of applications of hydrogels in flexible wearable sensors, such as sweat sampling and flexible electrodes, strain/pressure sensors and touch panels, focuses on the multifunctional conductive hydrogels-based flexible wearable sensors with self-healing, self-adhesion, or anti-freezing capabilities. A brief introduction to representative synthesis methods and strategies of conductive hydrogels is also presented. In the end, we also provide a personal perspective on the future development, and address the remaining challenges in the commercialization of conductive hydrogels-based multifunctional flexible wearable sensors.

Multifunctional conductive hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensors

The coupling of the surface plasmon near-field into the sensing medium is key to the sensitivity of surface plasmon-based sensing devices. A low-index dielectric is necessary for the sensing medium to support a highly-penetrating surface plasmon evanescent field that extends well into the dielectric medium. The air-like refractive index, n, of an aerogel substrate provides another dimension for ultralow-index plasmonic devices. In this paper, we experimentally observed an angular surface plasmon resonance dip at 74° with the ultralow-index aerogel substrate, as was expected from theory. We also demonstrated the comparatively high-sensitivity surface plasmon resonance wavelength, λ, while the change in Δλ/Δn with different substrates was studied in detail. A 740 nm-period metal grating was imprinted on aerogel (n = 1.08) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; n = 1.4) substrates. The ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectra were observed in the reflection mode on the grating, resulting in sensitivities of 740.2 and 655.9 nm/RIU for the aerogel and PDMS substrates, respectively. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the near-field of the surface plasmon, which demonstrated resonances well correlated with the experimentally observed results. The near-field due to excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons is observed to be more confined and to penetrate deeper into the sensing medium when a low-index substrate is used.

/pdf/air-like-plasmonics-with-ultralow-refractive-index-silica-4o2af96744.pdf

Air-like plasmonics with ultralow-refractive-index silica aerogels.

The present invention relates to a phase shifter comprising a DGS and a radio communication module comprising the same. The phase shifter comprises: a first substrate; a microstrip formed on the first substrate so as to extend in a first direction; a ground layer disposed with a space on the upper surface of the microstrip and having a defected ground structure (DGS) with a defected pattern formed therein; a second substrate disposed on the ground layer; and a liquid crystal layer disposed in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein DC voltage is applied between the ground layer and the microstrip.

Phase shifter comprising dgs and radio communication module comprising same

The present disclosure provides a phototransistor and a manufacturing method therefor, the phototransistor having a defective oxide ray absorption layer introduced to an oxide semiconductor phototransistor through a solution process or a defective oxide ray absorption part introduced to an interface between a gate insulation film and an oxide semiconductor layer through interface control, which forms damage, thereby improving light absorption in the range of a visible light region.

Oxide semiconductor phototransistor improved in visible light absorption rate and manufacturing method thereof

The present invention provides a phototransistor and a manufacturing method therefor, the phototransistor having a defective oxide ray absorption layer introduced to an oxide semiconductor phototransistor through a solution process or a defective oxide ray absorption part introduced to an interface between a gate insulation film and an oxide semiconductor layer through interface control, which forms damage, thereby enabling light absorption to be improved in the range of a visible light region.

Oxide semiconductor phototransistor having improved visible light absorption rate, and manufacturing method therefor

The present invention relates to a highly sensitive flow sensor. The flow sensor comprises: first and second heaters which are disposed in an active layer formed on a silicon layer while being spaced apart from each other, so as to generate heat; a temperature sensor which is disposed between the first and second heaters in the active layer so as to detect the difference between temperatures at both ends thereof and convert the same into a voltage signal; and a control circuit which is formed in the active layer so as to transmit, to the first and second heaters, a feedback signal of the voltage signal received from the temperature sensor, wherein the control circuit comprises an electrical filter for receiving, as an input signal, the voltage signal from the temperature sensor and increasing, through filtering, the order of a signal output therefrom.

Highly sensitive flow sensor

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