The present study was conducted to characterize the native plant growth promoting bacteria from wheat rhizosphere and root-endosphere in the Himalayan region of Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. Nine bacterial isolates were purified, screened in vitro for plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics and evaluated for their beneficial effects on the early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Among nine bacterial isolates, seven were able to produce indole-3- acetic acid in tryptophan-supplemented medium; seven were nitrogen fixer, and four were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate in vitro. Four different morphotypes were genotypically identified based on IGS-RFLP fingerprinting and representative of each morphotype was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis except Gram positive putative Bacillus sp. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, bacterial isolates AJK–3 and AJK-9 showing multiple PGP-traits were identified as Stenotrophomonas spp. while AJK-7 showed equal homologies to Acetobacter pasteurianus and Stenotrophomonas specie. Plant inoculation studies indicated that these PGPR strains provided a significant increase in shoot and root length, and shoot and root biomass. A significant increase in shoot N contents (up to 76%) and root N contents (up to 32%) was observed over the un-inoculated control. The study indicates the potential of these PGPR for inoculums production or biofertilizers for enhancing growth and nutrient content of wheat and other crops under field conditions. The study is the first report of wheat associated bacterial diversity in the Himalayan region of Rawalakot, AJK.

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Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from wheat rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion.

IIntroduction and exploitation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agro-ecosystems enhance plant-microbes interactions that may affect ecosystems sustainability, agricultural productivity and environmental quality. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify PGPRs associated with maize (Zea mays L.) from twenty sites of Himalayan region of Hajira-Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. A total of one hundred isolates were isolated from these sites, out of which eight (HJR1, HJR2, HJR3, HJR4, HJR5, MR6, HJR7, HJR8 ) were selected in vitro for their plant growth promoting ability (PGPA) including phosphorus solubilization, indole acetic acid (IAA) production and N2 fixation. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was used for molecular identity and authentication. Isolates were then further tested for their effects on growth and nutrient contents of maize (Zea mays L.) under pouch and pot conditions. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified these isolates belong to Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera. The isolates promoted plant growth by solubilizing soil P which ranged between 19.2 and 35.6 µgmL−1. The isolates HJR1, HJR2, HJR3 and HJR5 showed positive activity in acetylene reduction assay showing their N2-fixation potential. All eight isolates showed the potential to produce IAA in the range of 0.9−5.39 µgmL−1 and promote plant growth. Results from a subsequent pot experiment indicated PGPRs distinctly increased maize shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, root surface area, leaf surface area, shoot and root N and P contents. Among the eight isolates, HR3 showed a marked P-solubilizing activity, plant growth-promoting attributes, and the potential to be developed as a biofertilizers for integrated nutrient management strategies

/pdf/isolation-and-identification-of-indigenous-plant-growth-3oy87o60pg.pdf

Isolation and identification of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from Himalayan region of Kashmir and their effect on improving growth and nutrient contents of maize (Zea mays L.).

In this study 98 rhizospheric actinomycetes were isolated from different wheat and tomato fields, Punjab, Pakistan. The isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically and genetically and were subjected to a comprehensive in vitro screening for various plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. About 30% of the isolates screened were found to be the promising plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), which exhibited maximum genetic similarity (up to 98-99%) with different species of the genus Streptomyces by using16S rRNA gene sequencing. The most active indole acetic acid (IAA) producer Streptomyces nobilis WA-3, Streptomyces Kunmingenesis WC-3 and Streptomyces enissocaesilis TA-3 produce 79.5, 79.23 and 69.26 µg/ml IAA respectively at 500µg/ml L-tryptophan. The highest concentration of soluble phosphate was produced by Streptomyces sp. WA-1 (72.13 mg/100ml) and S. djakartensis TB-4 (70.36 mg/100ml). All rhizobacterial isolates were positive for siderophore, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide production. Strain S. mutabilis WD-3 showed highest concentration of ACC-deaminase (1.9 mmol /l). For in-vivo screening, seed germination and plant growth experiment were conducted by inoculating wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds with the six selected isolates. Significant increases in shoot length was observed with S. nobilis WA-3 (65 %), increased root length was recorded in case of S. nobilis WA-3 (81 %) as compared to water treated control plants. Maximum increases in plant fresh weight were recorded with S. nobilis WA-3 (84 %), increased plant dry weight was recorded in case of S. nobilis WA-3 (85 %) as compared to water treated control plants. In case of number of leaves, significant increase was recorded with S. nobilis WA-3 (27 %) and significant increase in case of number of roots were recorded in case of strain S. nobilis WA-3 (30 %) as compared to control plants. Over all the study revealed that these rhizospheric plant growth promoting (PGP) Streptomyces are good candidates to be developed as bioferlizers for growth promotion and yield enhancement in wheat crop and can be exploited for the commercial production of different agro-active compounds.

/pdf/screening-of-rhizospheric-actinomycetes-for-various-in-vitro-5emrfex3n6.pdf

Screening of Rhizospheric Actinomycetes for Various In-vitro and In-vivo Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) Traits and for Agroactive Compounds

The rhizosphere is the zone under influence of plant roots where various kinds of microbial activities occur which perform important functions such as increase uptake of nutrients for the host for their better growth and protection from several diseases caused by various phytopathogens. Keeping in this vital role performed by rhizospheric microbes, thirty-nine bacterial isolates were isolated on King's B and nutrient agar media from the rhizosphere region of mung bean plants. Among these isolates, foure were identified as Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. on the basis of biochemical and 16 S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. All the isolates were screened in vitro for plant growth promoting attributes such as IAA production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, catalase production, siderophore production, and antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic Rhizoctonia solani, the causal organism of root rot in mung bean. All the bacterial strains showed significant PGPR attributes and were able to produce indole-3 -acetic acid (ranging from 45.66 µg/ml to 111.94 µg/ml). In addition, the isolated strains enhanced phosphate solubilization activity (ranging from 952.91 µg/ml to 1341.24 µg/ml). Out of all, Pseudomonas spp. showed most potent antifungal activities against R. solani. Thus, the current study has focused on the characterization of rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy mung bean plant. The results showed that the isolates posses, multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and can be used as a potential candidate on the soil-plant system to increase their growth as well as productivity.

Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from the rhizosphere of Vigna radiata (mung bean)

Plant and soil microbiome interactions are in the great demand around the globe. Bacteria that colonize in the plant roots or in the rhizosphere and promote plant growth directly by nutrient immobilization or worked as defense regulator are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). During the past couple of decades, PGPR have emerged as a potent alternative to chemical fertilizer in an eco-friendly manner. Therefore, they are abundantly accepted in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, and environmental cleanup strategies. The rhizosphere ecology is influenced by a myriad of abiotic and biotic factors in natural and agricultural soils, and these factors can, in turn, modulate PGPR effects on plant health. Manipulating this rhizospheric microbiome through rhizo-engineering has materialized as a contemporary methodology to decipher the structural, functional, and ecological behavior of rhizospheric PGPR populations. In this chapter, we have tried to explore the latest developments in the technologies related to PGPR, for its well acceptance for sustainable agriculture and plant health.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Modern Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture

Thirty-two isolates were obtained from wheat rhizosphere by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Most isolates were able to produce indole acetic acid (65.6%) and siderophores (59.3%), as well as exhibited phosphate solubilization (96.8%). Fourteen isolates displayed three plant growth-promoting traits. Among these strains, two phosphate-dissolving ones, WS29 and WS31, were evaluated for their beneficial effects on the early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum Wan33). Strain WS29 and WS31 significantly promoted the development of lateral roots by 34.9% and 27.6%, as well as increased the root dry weight by 25.0% and 25.6%, respectively, compared to those of the control. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and phylogenetic positions, both isolates were determined to belong to the genus Bacillus. The proportion of isolates showing the properties of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was higher than in previous reports. The efficiency of the isolation of PGPR strains was also greatly increased by WGA labeled with FITC. The present study indicated that WGA could be used as an effective tool for isolating PGPR strains with high affinity to host plants from wheat roots. The proposed approach could facilitate research on biofertilizers or biocontrol agents.

Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from wheat roots by wheat germ agglutinin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate.

A methylotrophic bacillus strain has a preservation number of CGMCC No.10779. The invention further provides the application of the methylotrophic bacillus strain with the CGMCC No.10779 in antagonism phytopathogen, particularly the application in pathogenic bacteria of antagonism anthracnose of ophiopogon japonicus. The methylotrophic bacillus strain provided by the invention has the benefits as follows: 1, the methylotrophic bacillus strain with the CGMCC No.10779 has an antagonistic effect on various plant pathogens such as watermelon fusarium wilt, fusarium wilt of cotton, and helminthosporium maydis, particularly has a very high and efficient antagonistic effect on pathogenic bacteria of anthracnose of ophiopogon japonicus, is classified as an antagonistic strain having high plant disease curing effect and being environmentally friendly and high in biological control, and has an excellent development prospect. 2, the methylotrophic bacillus strain with the CGMCC No.10779 is strong in salt resistance. On the basis that the content of sodium chloride can reach 9 percent, the strain can still grow, is strong in stress-resist ability, is applicable to soil in relatively poor environment, and has a high potential application value.

Methylotrophic bacillus strain and application thereof

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a composite phosphorus solubilizing microbial agent. The composite phosphorus solubilizing microbial agent is prepared by mixing and fermenting a phosphorus solubilizing bacterium WS32 and a phosphorus solubilizing bacterium P1616, the phosphorus solubilizing bacterium WS32 is classified and named as Pseudomonas sp., and was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on Jun. 09, 2017 with the number of CCTCC NO: M 2017319; and the phosphorus solubilizing bacterium P1616 is classified and name as Bacillus sp., and was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on Jun. 02, 2017 with the number of CCTCC NO: M 2017298. The composite phosphorus solubilizing microbial agent has the beneficial effects that WS32 and P1616 has compatibility with wheat, WS32, P1616 and the wheat can be subjected to agglutination reaction, and WS32 and P1616 can settle down and survive in roots of the wheat for a long time, and have effect of promoting growth of the wheat; and the composite phosphorus solubilizing microbial agent has high ability of producing organic acid and phosphatase, and the phosphorus solubilizing and resolving effect is efficient.

Composite phosphorus solubilizing microbial agent and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a growth promoting endophytic beauveria bassiana strain and application thereof. The endophytic beauveria bassiana strain is Beauveria bassiana Bb4, is registered and preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms on April 28, 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.9097. The strain is inoculated to maize, wheat and the like, can colonize in a host body and promote the growth of the host plant, and has certain toxicity to corn borer larvae. Application of the strain to production of microbial fertilizer preparations is conducive to reducing pesticide residues and protecting the ecological environment.

Growth promoting endophytic beauveria bassiana strain and application thereof

The invention relates to a special potassium-dissolving bacterium for tobaccos and a fungicide of the special potassium-dissolving bacterium. A bacterial strain of the special potassium-dissolving bacterium is named as TK35, and classified and named as Pseudomonas azotoformans, preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection on March 11, 2015, with a preservation number of CCTCC M 2015098; performing enlage cultivation on the special potassium-dissolving bacterium for tobaccos to obtain the fungicide. The fungicide is used for dressing seeds, coating, watering roots or dripping roots to provide high-concentration rapidly available potassium nutrients for the tobaccos. The bacterial strain disclosed by the invention can generate agglutination reaction with tobacco lectin, has affinity with a target crop, and can be settled and survived on the roots of the tobaccos for a long time to achieve the effects of promoting tobacco growth, improving the potassium content of tobacco leaves and improving the quality of the tobacco leaves. The special potassium-dissolving bacterium can be used for reducing the dosage of a tobacco growing potash fertilizer, and changing the defects that an existing biological fertilizer is not strong in specifity and not obvious in using effect, and is beneficial to the development of ecological agriculture.

Special potassium-dissolving bacterium for tobaccos and fungicide of special potassium-dissolving bacterium

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