Introduction Minerals are indispensable for normal growth, reproduction and health of the animals. They are required for growth of the most organs and particularly mineralization of the bone network. The distribution and status of various minerals varies with different physiological conditions like stage of growth (neonatal period, pre and post pubertal period), pregnancy and lactation [1]. Although the physiological functions of the minerals (eg., Ca, P etc.,) have been studied since 19th century [2], still it has been observed that the blood biochemistry of indigenous and their crossbred animals have not been investigated adequately. Pregnancy and lactation are the two major physiological conditions which considerably modify metabolism in animals especially of minerals [3, 4]. The periparturient period is important as it influences the health and the subsequent performance of dairy cows [5]. The phase of transition between late pregnancy and early lactation presents a huge metabolic challenge especially to the high-yielding dairy cow [6]. During immediate postpartum period high rates of body condition score losses are associated with a severe negative energy balance status, indicated by alterations in blood metabolite and hormone profiles [7]. Abstract *1M Shaheen, 2Tuffail Hussain, 3Sumiyah Rasool, 4Adil Majid, 5O Shabir S I A Qadri

Evaluation of Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus During Various Stages of Gestation in Dairy Cattle Under Temperate Conditions

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Evaluation of Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus During Various Stages of Gestation in Dairy Cattle Under Temperate Conditions