In a water culture experiment with rice and rape, different concentrations of chloride or EDTA were added to study the effects of chlorine ion and EDTA complexation on the uptake of cadmium by the plants. The results showed that the cadmium concentration in the shoots and roots of test plants decreased with increasing concentration of chloride or EDTA. With the increase of Cl- concentration, the cadmium content in rice shoot and root decreased from 212.2 mg x kg (-1) and 345. 1 mg x kg - to 34.1 mg x kg(-1) and 209.1 mg x kg(-1) , respectively. EDTA addition decreased the cadmium content in rice shoot and root from 212.2 mg x kg (-1) and 345.2 mg x kg(-1) to 50.0 mg x kg(-1) and 4.2 mg x kg(-1) , and that in rape shoot and root from 86.7 mg x kg(-1) and 149. 2 mg x kg(-1) to 22.2 mg x kg (-1) and 12. 3 mg x kg(-1 ), respectively. EDTA also affected the cadmium translocation from root to shoot. The complexation of Cl- or EDTA with cadmium reduced the uptake of Cd by plants, and the effect of EDTA was more obvious than that of Cl -.

Effects of chlorine ion and EDTA on cadmium availability to plants

To explore some morpho-metabolic characteristics and the phytoextraction potential of maize cultivars when exposed to cadmium stress and chelating effect of different levels of EDTA and citric acid. Five independent experiments were carried out in petri-dishes, sand and soil cultures.Initially six levels of Cd (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg/L) and five EDTA levels i.e. 0.25 (0.67 mM), 0.5 (1.34 mM), 1 (2.69 mM) and 2 g/L (5.38 mM) were optimized for their toxicity on maize. In the second experiment the Cd concentrations were increased to 150, 300, and 450 mg/L and 16 maize accessions were screened for determining their Cd tolerance.Third experiment was conducted to find out the appropriate dose of EDTA and stage of maize plant for maximum Cd uptake. Maximum phytoextraction by shoot and root was recorded for 1 g EDTA/L at harvest-I (10 days after application of EDTA). Fourth experiment using 0, 0.25 (1.19 mM), 0.5 (2.38 mM), 1 (4.76 mM) and 2 g/L (9.52 mM) citric acid along with single dose of Cd (300 mg/L) indicated that citric acid inhibited the uptake of Cd. Final experiment was conducted upto the yield, comprised two maize cultivars (Sahiwal- 2002 and Pak-affgoee), two Cd concentrations (150 and 300 mg/kg soil) with 0.5 g/kg of EDTA (5.38 mM) and citric acid (9.52 mmM).Interactive effect of Cd and chelators on growth, yield, gas exchange characteristics, water relations, plant pigments, biochemical parameters like MDA, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD and SOD) and ions accumulation (Ca, Mg, K, P, Zn, Fe and Cd) were determined. All these parameters were negatively affected under Cd application except total protein, antioxidants and carotenoids which increased to combat heavy metal stress.Conclusively, Cd had a negative impact on overall health of maize plant while citric acid enhanced the Cd tolerance, nevertheless EDTA improved Cd uptake in maize plants.

Morpho-metabolic Changes In Maize (Zea Mays L.) Under Edta And Citric Acid Mediated Phytoextraction Of Cadmium

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Morpho-metabolic Changes In Maize (Zea Mays L.) Under Edta And Citric Acid Mediated Phytoextraction Of Cadmium