Over 250 species have been described in Ganoderma. Species identification and species circumscription are often unclear and taxonomic segregation of the genus remains controversial. In this study w...

Phylogenetic relationships in Ganoderma inferred from the internal transcribed spacers and 25S ribosomal DNA sequences

At the outset the author states that: ‘This book is about how to grow Pinus radiata (radiata pine) forest plantations.’ It certainly covers a very wide range of topics – from the ecology of radiata pine within its natural range to the complexities of current research into tree breeding, silviculture and wood utilisation. The book also reviews the social, economic and environmental aspects of radiata pine plantations and includes a chapter on the use of radiata pine on farms.

Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations.

Dothistroma Blight of Pinus Radiata

Laccate polypores of the Ganoderma lucidum species complex are widespread white rot fungi of economic importance, but isolates cannot be identified by traditional taxonomic methods. Parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the ribosomal gene (rDNA) distinguished six lineages in this species complex. Each ITS lineage may represent one or more putative species. While some isolates have identical ITS sequences, all of them could be clearly differentiated by genetic fingerprinting using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). To investigate the suitability of RAPD markers for taxonomic identification and grouping of isolates of the G. lucidum complex, RAPD fragments (RAPDs) were used as phenotypic characters in numerical and parsimony analyses. Results show that data from RAPDS do not distinguish the same clades as ITS data do. Groupings based on analysis of RAPD data were very sensitive to the choice of the grouping method used, and no consistent grouping of isolates could be proposed. However, analysis with RAPDs did resolve several robust terminal clades containing putatively conspecific isolates, suggesting that RAPDs might be helpful for systematics at the lower taxonomic levels that are unresolved by ITS sequence data. The limitations of RAPDs for systematics are briefly discussed. The conclusion of this study is that ITS sequences can be used to identify isolates of the G. lucidum complex, whereas RAPDs can be used to differentiate between isolates having identical ITS sequences. The practical implications of these results are briefly illustrated.

Differentiation and grouping of isolates of the Ganoderma lucidum complex by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR compared with grouping on the basis of internal transcribed spacer sequences.

Host-parasite relationships and the uses of mycological data in plant classification are discussed. An important function of data from Uredinales is to indicate relative ages of origin for different groups of plants. When evolving rust lineages can be recognized they may provide detailed guidance on the direction of evolution. The available published and unpublished information in the field is reviewed. Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Onagraceae, Scrophulariaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Liliales are discussed in greatest detail. Some conclusions on relative ages in the monocotyledons are presented. It appears that Juncaceae must have been derived from Cyperaceae, by partial reversion to entomophily, rather than the reverse.

Fungi as aids in higher plant classification

A serious mortality due to Ganoderma lucidum is reported in young khair plantations raised as reforested stands. Upto 55 percent plants were killed in 9-year old plantations and the mortality was still continuing. The cause of epidemic outbreak of the disease, the behaviour of G. lucidum and its spread and control measures have been outlined.

Ganoderma root rot mortality in khair (Acacia catechu Willd.) in reforested stands

Experiments were earned out between 1999-2000 to 2002-2003 crop seasons In Meerut and Agla Commissionaires of Uttar Pradesh, Which constitute around 30% of the total potato production In the country, to explore the possibility of Increasing the avadability of raw matenal to the processing industnes located 10 north-western plains tn and around Delhi. Six vaneties/hybrids were tested over different seasons or locations for yields and processmg quantities. The results showed that the produce of hybrid HT/92-621 from early Autumn crop could provide fresh potatoes for processing In November Fresh potatoes obtamed in March with processmg cvs Kufri Chipsona-1 and Kufn Chip50na-2 from early bpnng crop also had acceptable processmg quahties Agra Commussionary appear to be the potential source of pmcessmg potatoes to feed the nearby processing industries.

http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/PotatoJ/article/download/38808/17448

Sustaining potato chipping industry from western and central uttar pradesh: adoption of suitable varieties

Dothistroma pini Hulbary is known to cause serious losses in exotic pine plantations especially in Pinus radiata in East Africa, New Zealand and Chile. This pathogen is now recorded new in India on 3-year old P. radiata plants in Palni Hills, Madras State. The Indian strain is identified as D. pini Hulbary var. pini and is described as it occurs in India.

Dothistroma blight - a Potential Threat to Pinus radiata Plantations in India

Soil-block method for evaluation of natural decay resistance of timber under laboratory conditions is described in detail. Timbers are proposed to be classified into four decay resistance classes based on weight loss per cent in the blocks tested. This classification is based on the weight loss ranges as given in the U.S. Standard: ASTM: Designation: D2017-63, viz. 0-10% (very resistant), 11-24% (resistant), 25-44% (moderately resistant), and 45% and above (non-resistant), with the modification that each class is further divided into 3 sub-c1asses, to distinguish species within the main classes. Decay resistance of heartwood from 21 samples of sal ond 23 samples of teak, both from outer and the inner heartwood regions at the same radius, is tested. Sal heartwood, from outer zones, at the same radius is generally 'very resistant' (Av. Weight loss 0.20-4.19%). Some tendency towards a lesser decay resistance in the inner heartwood zone in quality class I & II sa1 is evident (weight loss 0.24-21.06%). No such difference, however, is evident in Sal trees of quality class III (weight loss 0.10-4,12%). Also, no difference in decay resistance with respect to vertical position of heartwood in the 3 trees of quality class III was noticed. Teak outer heartwood varies in decay resistance from very resistant to 'moderately resistant' (weight loss 1.98-25.63%). In older trees (age or heartwood 54-97 based on ring counts) inner heartwood is less resistant than 'outer' heartwood within the same sample. In younger trees (age of heartwood 11.47 hased on ring count.), entire heartwood of a sample is generally of the same resistance class and compares with inner heartwood of older trees. Variations in decay resistance appear to be correlated with age of trees, rate of growth and radial position of heartwood in the logs.

Natural Decay Resistance of Indian Timbers I. Introduction and Method, II. Decay Resistance of Sal ( Shorea robusta Gaertn.) and Teak ( Tectona grandis L.f)

Extensive mortality in mahogany plantations in Fiji Islands was found due to decay of roots by Fomes noxius . Main disease symptoms include brown incrustation on the bark and white pocket rot in the wood of roots and stems of affected trees. The disease spreads strictly by root contact. Primary infection takes place through contact of mahogany roots with infacted roots of felled or poisoned standing trees of the original forest. Subsequent spread in lines takes place through root contact between diseased and healthy mahogany plants. Plants upto 10 years age may be killed out right while in older plants, the disease establishes as butt rot. Pruning of tap root before planting was found to have encouraged the development of more lateral roots than in plants raised from direct seed sowing. An attempt was made to identify the species of infection sources in 1967, 1969, 1970 and 1971 plantations. In 44 infection centres, 15 species of natural forests were identified which had been colonized by F. noxius and thus had served as source of infection to mahogany plants. F.noxius was found to attack and kill many tree species in natural forests but infection centres were confined to limited areas only. Measures are outlined for future work on possible control of the disease.

Diseases of Plantation Trees in Fiji Islands I Brown Root Rot of Mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla King)

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