Hepatitis B vaccination: The key towards elimination and eradication of hepatitis B.

Engerix-B® (Hep-B[Eng]) is a noninfectious recombinant DNA vaccine containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). It is produced from genetically engineered yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

Intramuscular Hep-B(Eng) [0-, 1-, 6-month schedule] has excellent immunogenicity in healthy neonates and infants, children, adolescents and adults, with seroprotection rates of 85–100% seen ≈1 month after the final dose of vaccine; seroprotection was defined as an antibody against HBsAg (anti-HBs) titre of ≥10 IU/L. The use of alternative Hep-B(Eng) immunisation schedules (e.g. a 0-, 1-, 2-, 12-month schedule in neonates and infants, 0-, 12-, 24-month or two-dose schedules in children and adolescents, and accelerated schedules in adults) have also been associated with high rates of seroprotection.

Seroprotection rates were generally similar with Hep-B(Eng) and the recombinant vaccine Recombivax HB® (Hep-B[Rax]) or plasma-derived vaccines (PDVs)≈=1 month after the final dose (although anti-HBs geometric mean titres were significantly higher with Hep-B[Eng] than with Hep-B[Rax]). One month after the final dose, adults had significantly higher seroprotection rates with the recombinant triple-antigen vaccine Bio-Hep-B® (Hep-B[Bio]) than with Hep-B(Eng), although seroprotection rates in healthy infants were similar with Hep-B(Eng) and Hep-B(Bio).

Hep-B(Eng) had excellent immunogenicity in several groups considered at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B (e.g. neonates born to hepatitis B carrier mothers and healthcare workers). The immunogenicity of Hep-B(Eng) was reduced in patients with conditions associated with impaired immune function (e.g. patients undergoing haemodialysis or being treated for malignancy), although it had good immunogenicity in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Hep-B(Eng) had excellent protective efficacy against HBsAg carriage in healthy infants and children, and in neonates born to hepatitis B carrier mothers (protective efficacy of 95–99%). Hep-B(Eng) also demonstrated good protective efficacy in a number of other high-risk groups.

Hep-B(Eng) is generally well tolerated with a tolerability profile similar to that of Hep-B(Rax), Hep-B(Bio) and PDVs.

In conclusion, Hep-B(Eng) is a well established, highly immunogenic hepatitis B vaccine with good tolerability and excellent protective efficacy; it offers flexibility through a variety of immunisation schedules. In addition, it appears that Hep-B(Eng) confers immunity for at least 10 years. Hep-B(Eng) has an important role in mass vaccination campaigns against hepatitis B, as well as in groups considered at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B.

Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B): a review of its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against hepatitis B.

We have assessed the protective efficacy of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine alone in infants of women who were positive for the surface antigen and the e antigen. The infants received a 10-μg dose of the vaccine within 12 hours of birth and additional doses 1, 2, and 12 months later. No significant adverse reactions to vaccination were observed and the vaccine was highly immunogenic. Only 2 (3.6%) of the 55 infants followed up to 13 months became chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus, as evidenced by the persistent presence of hepatitis B surface antigen in serum samples. Without immunoprophylaxis, 65% to 90% of such infants would become chronic carriers. Immunization with a recombinant vaccine without concomitant administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, therefore, considerably decreased the incidence of the carrier state. (JAMA. 1989;261:3278-3281)

https://jamanetwork.com/HttpHandlers/ArticlePdfHandler.ashx?journal=jama&articleId=377612&pdfFileName=jama_261_22_033.pdf

Protective Efficacy of a Recombinant DNA Hepatitis B Vaccine in Neonates of HBe Antigen—Positive Mothers

The changing context of hepatitis D.

Inclusion of children and adolescents in clinical trial research and particularly HIV vaccine trials is difficult. Ethico-legal issues concerning age of informed consent protection of children and reporting of illegal sexual activity and sexually transmitted diseases confront researchers. Socio-behavioral issues include assessment of true understanding of the consent form and possible disinhibition of sexual behaviour whilst participating in trials. There is also a lack of experience in recruiting and retaining adolescents and the provision of youth-friendly services. These are thought to be an important prerequisite for adolescent trials and are non-existent in many HIV trial sites. Yet these problems can and must be addressed. There are physiological and immunological differences between children and adults that may change the safety and efficacy of developed vaccines. The purpose of this review is primarily to highlight the immunological differences between infants adolescents and adults and to describe some of the reported disparities between these age groups in their responses to licensed as well as other experimental vaccines. (excerpt)

The maturing immune system: implications for development and testing HIV-1 vaccines for children and adolescents.

Infants of HBsAg-positive mothers (Group I) as well as those born to women without HBV markers (Group II) were vaccinated with a 10 micrograms dose of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth according to a 0, 1, and 2 month schedule, with a booster dose planned 12 months later. Vaccination results in 14 (Group I) and 47 (Group II) neonates showed that at two months after the third dose of vaccine, 86% (6/7) and 100% (37/37), respectively, seroconverted, with anti-HBs geometric mean titres of 80 IU/l and 266 IU/l in the respective groups. No adverse reactions to the vaccine were observed. These preliminary results indicate that the recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine is safe and highly immunogenic in newborns.

Immunogenicity of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in neonates.

In Bandung, West Java, 300 consecutive pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers at a prenatal consultation. The prevalence of HBsAg and of anti-HBs/anti-HBc was 4.7% (14/300) and 35.6% (107/300) respectively, while 59.7% (179/300) was sero-negative. Prevalence of HBV markers increased significantly with both age and parity. Women with less schooling and a low socioeconomic class seemed to be at higher risk for HBV infection (HBV-markers prevalence of 49.3% (35/71) and 58.3% (21/36) respectively). Among employed women, the subgroup of school-teachers had a significantly higher HBV-markers prevalence of 54.8% (23/42), with a HBsAg carrier rate of 11.9% (5/42). This could indicate an important nonparenteral transmission of HBV in schools. The prevalence of HBeAg in HBsAg positive women was 64.3% (9/14). Based on historical data on perinatal HBV transmission, this would lead to a HBV carriership in 2.4 to 3.5% of all newborns. Possible strategies of prevention of HBV infection in newborns are briefly discussed.

Prevalence and determinants of hepatitis B virus markers in pregnant women in West Java, Indonesia.

Knowledge of the epidemiology of hepatitis D virus (HDV)-infection is very scarce in many parts of the world. The endemicity of delta-infection is believed to be maintained and spread through the network of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers in the community. In the Far East and the Pacific area, the prevalence of chronic HBsAg carriers is mostly high. Markers of HDV infection are very frequent in some regions (e.g. parts of China, Fiji Isles, Samoa), in other regions they are almost absent (e.g. Taiwan, Thailand, parts of China). In the Bandung region (West Java, Indonesia) we found 26 (2.8%) HBsAg carriers among 926 pregnant women. Most of them are chronic carriers (anti hepatitis B core (HBc) IgM negative). Although HBsAg is frequent in this Indonesian population, we could not find any anti-HD positive. This data warrants the conclusion that HDV infection has not yet been introduced in that densely populated area of Indonesia.

Prevalence of anti-delta antibodies in pregnant women in Bandung, Indonesia.

AIDS in Indonesia.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are still a public health problem in Southeast Asia. Despite improvements in hygiene, hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections still prevail in the most densely populated areas of the developing world [4]. Little is known about the spread of HIV infections in Asia. Only a number of isolated cases of AIDS have been reported from Thailand, Japan and some islands of the South Pacific [8]. In order to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to these infections in Indonesia, we tested sera from pregnant women living in the Bandung area. Additionally, in the HBsAg-positive sera, anti-hepatitis Delta virus was assessed.

Prevalence of HIV, HBV, HDV and HAV Markers in Pregnant Women in Indonesia

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Sugita E

Author Tools

Chat about Author