Stress in health care is affected by moral factors. When people are prevented from doing 'good' they may feel that they have not done what they ought to or that they have erred, thus giving rise to ...

Development and Initial Validation of the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire

Traditional approaches to bioethics, that privilege impartiality and objectivity and that focus primarily on moral reasoning, are relatively silent on the moral habitability of healthcare environments. Nurses and others in "the trenches" of healthcare are increasingly voicing the need to address everyday ethical issues, interdisciplinary tensions, and systemic concerns, in addition to the ethics of high-profile medical cases. Attention to the institutional processes that shape and constrain ethical dialogue and practice is required. In this article, the call is made for a shift in thinking about ethics in healthcare.

The ethics of everyday practice: healthcare environments as moral communities.

The ageing of Australia's 5.5 million baby boomers (born 1946–1965) will significantly change Australian society, yet it is unclear what is known about the expectations and plans of this cohort for their retirement and old age. This paper provides a first step by reviewing the Australian literature, focusing on the areas of health, housing, work and income, and responsibility. Information from the peer-reviewed literature and the Internet published during 1996–2005 was reviewed. One hundred ninety-five Australian references were retrieved, of which only 94 were relevant. The review identified that, despite agreement about the significance of baby boomer's ageing, empirical work directly addressing the research topics was rare. In particular, there was little coverage of baby boomers’ ascription of responsibility for their welfare in older age. If policies are to be effective, empirical research obtaining information directly from baby boomers is required to fill the gaps identified through this review.

Australian baby boomers’ expectations and plans for their old age

Models for predicting turnover of residential aged care nurses: A structural equation modelling analysis of secondary data

Introduction Part I: 1. Autonomy 2. The relevance of beneficence, justice and virtue 3. The healthcare professional-patient relationship: setting the context for consent 4. The concept of consent - what it is and what it isn't Part II. Consent and the Law: 5. The legal regulation of consent 6. Rationalising the law and ethics of consent 7. Constructing consent - future regulation and the practice of healthcare Summary and conclusion.

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Autonomy, Informed Consent and Medical Law: A Relational Challenge

Studies of workers in health care and the care of older people disclose tensions that emerge partly from their conflicting obligations. They incur some obligations from the personal relationships they have with clients, but these can be at odds with organizational demands and resource constraints. One implication is the need for policies to recognize the importance of allowing workers some discretion in decison making. Another implication may be that sometimes care workers can meet their obligations to clients only by taking collective action.

Caring Work, Personal Obligation and Collective Responsibility

Objective: This paper provides an overview of a research project that investigated strategies to address the workforce crisis currently threatening the provision of health and residential care services to Australia's rapidly ageing population. Underpinning this project's development was the need to understand why, in the face of high levels of sustained mature age unemployment (and under-employment) and the urgent need for staff in residential and community aged care, mature aged people do not consider, or are unable to undertake, further education and training to gain the necessary skills to work in this particular area.



Methods: This descriptive and exploratory study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Informed by a critical review of the literature, data were collected from interviews with four participants (aged 40 years or older) as they undertook specific education and training in aged care services, and from a survey of 145 randomly selected mature aged unemployed (and under-employed) persons. The survey and specific education and training program were located in South Australia.



Results: Findings from this study suggest that, for the mature aged unemployed person, age represents the single most significant barrier to obtaining paid employment. Evidence also exists to suggest a positive relationship between ageing and a person's willingness to undertake formal education, and/or to consider the work of caring for older people as a reasonable career option. However, the extent to which other factors such as health, time spent in unemployment (or under-employment), type of qualification, and the psychological impact of being unemployed might have had an effect remains unclear.



Conclusion: This study challenges us to rethink how we value ageing, mature aged unemployment, mature aged education and aged care work. The findings have implications for the future of mature aged job seekers and the provision of adequate staffing for residential and community aged care services.

What hinders and what helps? Searching for solutions to mature aged unemployment and the residential aged care workforce crisis

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Caring Work, Personal Obligation and Collective Responsibility

What hinders and what helps? Searching for solutions to mature aged unemployment and the residential aged care workforce crisis