Rationale: Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) with short episodes of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of an organ remote from the heart is a powerful approach to protect against myocardial I/R injury. The signal transduction pathways for the cross talk between the remote site and the heart remain unclear in detail. Objective: To elucidate the role of circulating nitrite in cardioprotection by rIPC. Methods and Results: Mice were subjected to 4 cycles of no-flow ischemia with subsequent reactive hyperemia within the femoral region and underwent in vivo myocardial I/R (30 minutes/5 minutes or 24 hours). The mouse experiments were conducted using genetic and pharmacological approaches. Shear stress–dependent stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase within the femoral artery during reactive hyperemia yielded substantial release of nitric oxide, subsequently oxidized to nitrite and transferred humorally to the myocardium. Within the heart, reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide by cardiac myoglobin and subsequent S -nitrosation of mitochondrial membrane proteins reduced mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species formation, and myocardial infarct size. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of nitric oxide/nitrite generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase at the remote site or nitrite bioactivation by myoglobin within the target organ abrogated the cardioprotection by rIPC. Transfer experiments of plasma from healthy volunteers subjected to rIPC of the arm identified plasma nitrite as a cardioprotective agent in isolated Langendorff mouse heart preparations exposed to I/R. Conclusions: Circulating nitrite derived from shear stress–dependent stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at the remote site of rIPC contributes to cardioprotection during I/R. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01259739.

Circulating Nitrite Contributes to Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning

De acuerdo con su politica de difusion de la informacion cientifica a la comunidad cardiologica1-10, REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA presenta una seleccion de los estudios mas relevantes presentados en las Sesiones Cientificas Anuales de la American Heart Association (Dallas, Texas, Estados Unidos, 16-20 de noviembre de 2013) y, en concreto, los denominados Late-Breaking Clinical Trials. Se presenta de cada uno de los articulos seleccionados un resumen que describe brevemente objetivos, metodos y resultados a partir de la informacion de las presentaciones verbales o las publicaciones simultaneas en revistas cientificas en formato electronico. Dado que la mayoria de los ensayos no se han publicado todavia en su version final, la informacion que ofrecemos debe ser interpretada como preliminar.

Resumen de los ensayos clínicos presentados en las Sesiones Científicas Anuales de la American Heart Association (Dallas, Texas, Estados Unidos, 16–20 de noviembre de 2013)

Acute myocardial infarction: susceptibility-weighted cardiac MRI for the detection of reperfusion haemorrhage at 1.5 T.

Nitrites in Acute Myocardial Infarction

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Nitrites in Acute Myocardial Infarction