Isotherm models for adsorption of heavy metals from water - A review.

In this review article, the use of various low-cost adsorbents for the removal of pesticides from water and wastewater has been reviewed. Pesticides may appear as pollutants in water sources, having undesirable impacts to human health because of their toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity or causing aesthetic problems such as taste and odors. These pesticides pollute the water stream and it can be removed very effectively using different low-cost adsorbents. It is evident from a literature survey of about 191 recently published papers that low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for pesticides.

Removal of Pesticides from Water and Wastewater by Different Adsorbents: A Review

Mechanism of cadmium binding on the cell wall of an acidophilic bacterium.

A review on recent trends in the removal of emerging contaminants from aquatic environment using low-cost adsorbents

A new form of graphene-coated silica (GCS) has been prepared by mixing exfoliated graphene oxide with acid-treated silica and reducing it with hydrazine hydrate so that it coats the silica particles. This method is simple, convenient, and robust. The GCS composite particles have been characterized using optical photographs, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and elemental analysis. These analyses show that the reaction effectively coats silica particles with graphene. The composite particles achieve higher levels of adsorption and are more widely applicable than five other sorbents (graphite carbons, activated carbon, pure graphene, C18 silica, and silica) for the eleven pesticides assayed. We discuss the adsorption mechanism and consider it to be dependent on the electron-donating abilities of the S, P, and N atoms and the strong π-bonding network of the benzene rings. This research demonstrates that graphene-based composite materials could be used to remove pesticide residues in aqueous environments.

Graphene-coated silica as a highly efficient sorbent for residual organophosphorus pesticides in water

Interaction of malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide with Rhizopus oryzae biomass.

Photopolymerizable resin-based 3D printed biomedical composites: Factors affecting resin viscosity

Recent advances on injectable nanocomposite hydrogels towards bone tissue rehabilitation

This study reports development of digital light processing (DLP) mediated 3D printed customized bone scaffolds. Bioactive fluorcanasite glass ceramic was incorporated within photocurable resin matrix and the suspensions were 3D printed towards developing composite bone scaffolds. Physico-chemical interaction in the biocomposite bone scaffolds were investigated using infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Further, the mechanical properties of the composite scaffold samples were also evaluated to understand the strengths of the samples in terms of its fracture toughness, flexural strength, and compressive strength. Infrared spectroscopy results demonstrated an active interaction between the acrylate functionalities of the polymer with the bioactive fluorcanasite glass ceramic reinforcement. This was further substantiated with x-ray diffraction results, demonstrating rise in the bioactive crystalline peaks with corresponding increase in the fluorcanasite glass ceramic loading. Later, the samples were also evaluated for in-vitro cellular response in terms of cell viability, proliferation, adhesion, and interaction. The surface hydrophilicity responsible for osteogenic interaction was also studied with contact angle goniometry. With increase in fluorcanasite loading in the formulation, the hydrophilicity was found to increase over the sample surface which in turn was found to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation, as revealed byin-vitro MTT assay and also fluorescence microscopy. To establish the efficacy of DLP technique, two different porous architectural designs were 3D printed and investigated with synchrotron micro-computed tomography. The microtomographs revealed precise microarchitecture and interconnected porosity within the scaffolds. 

Digital light processing mediated
 3D
 printing of biocomposite bone scaffolds: Physico‐chemical interactions and in‐vitro biocompatibility

Abstract Natural bone healing is often inadequate to treat fractures with critical size bone defects and massive bone loss. Immediate surgical interventions through bone grafts have been found to be essential on such occasions. Naturally harvested bone grafts, although are the preferred choice of the surgeons; they suffer from serious clinical limitations, including disease transmission, donor site morbidity, limited supply of graft etc. Synthetic bone grafts, on the other hand, offer a more clinically appealing approach to decode the pathways of bone repair through use of tissue engineered biomaterials. This article critically retrospects the translational research on various engineered biomaterials towards bringing transformative changes in orthopaedic healthcare. The first section of the article discusses about composition and ultrastructure of bone along with the global perspectives on statistical escalation of bone fracture surgeries requiring use of bone grafts. The next section reviews the types, benefits and challenges of various natural and synthetic bone grafts. An overview of clinically relevant biomaterials from traditionally used metallic, bioceramic, and biopolymeric biomaterials to new generation composites have been summarised. Finally, this narrative review concludes with the discussion on the emerging trends and future perspectives of the promising bone grafts.

An overview of translational research in bone graft biomaterials

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Interaction of malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide with Rhizopus oryzae biomass.

Photopolymerizable resin-based 3D printed biomedical composites: Factors affecting resin viscosity

Recent advances on injectable nanocomposite hydrogels towards bone tissue rehabilitation

Digital light processing mediated 3D printing of biocomposite bone scaffolds: Physico‐chemical interactions and in‐vitro biocompatibility

An overview of translational research in bone graft biomaterials