Organic and organometallic molecules, which change their luminescence properties through a mechanical stimulus, such as emission wavelength and quantum yield, are called as mechanochromic or piezochromic materials. These functional molecules may be used as smart materials in the field of luminescent switches, mechanosensors, security papers, data storage, biological and healthcare applications. These materials are classified into two types, fluorescent and phosphorescent molecules. In this review, the recent progress in the phosphorescent mechanochromic materials, including pure organic molecules and metal complexes is highlighted. Their luminescence behaviors under mechanical force stimuli are shown and some critical concepts of molecular design for mechanoresponsive phosphorescent materials are also presented.

Recent progress in the mechanochromism of phosphorescent organic molecules and metal complexes

Xerographic photoreceptors charge acceptance and dark discharge photoinduced discharge photogeneration theories photogeneration in organic solids charge transport theories charge transport in polymers and related materials experimental techniques photoreceptor preparation photoreceptors fatigue summary and future requirements.

Organic Photoreceptors for Imaging Systems

J-aggregates are fascinating fluorescent nanomaterials formed by highly ordered assembly of organic dyes with the spectroscopic properties dramatically different from that of single or disorderly assembled dye molecules. They demonstrate very narrow red-shifted absorption and emission bands, strongly increased absorbance together with the decrease of radiative lifetime, highly polarized emission and other valuable features. The mechanisms of their electronic transitions are understood by formation of delocalized excitons already on the level of several coupled monomers. Cyanine dyes are unique in forming J-aggregates over the broad spectral range, from blue to near-IR. With the aim to inspire further developments, this review is focused on the optical characteristics of J-aggregates in connection with the dye structures and on their diverse already realized and emerging applications.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2050-6120/aa8d0d/pdf

Fluorescent J-aggregates of cyanine dyes: basic research and applications review

pdf/unique-supramolecular-assembly-through-langmuir-blodgett-lb-4w2uelg085.pdf

Unique supramolecular assembly through Langmuir - Blodgett (LB) technique.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate characteristics and intracellular delivery of two different-sized PLGA nanoparticles in ouzo region by considering number of nanoparticles. To determine t...

A small variation in average particle size of PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation leads to considerable change in nanoparticles’ characteristics and efficacy of intracellular delivery

In the present Article, a reversible transition behavior from J-aggregates to excimer of an indocarbocyanine dye 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) in Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films was reported. Surface pressure–area (π–A) isotherms, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for characterizations of the films. π–A isotherms suggest a balance of interactions between DiI and fatty acids in the mixed monolayer at DiI mole fraction XDiI = 0.4, resulting in a stable and ideally mixed monolayer. It has been observed that pure DiI formed excimer in LB films, whereas both J aggregates and excimer were formed in LB films when DiI was mixed with long chain fatty acids, viz., stearic acid or arachidic acid. In fatty acid matrix at XDiI = 0.4, only J aggregates were formed in the LB films. This has been confirmed using deconvolution of spectroscopic results as well as using excitation spectroscopy. The coherent size of the J aggrega...

/pdf/reversible-transition-between-excimer-and-j-aggregate-of-4tmttfsby3.pdf

Reversible Transition between Excimer and J-Aggregate of Indocarbocyanine Dye in Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) Films

Stability of J-aggregated species in an indocarbocyanine dye in Langmuir–Blodgett Films

Effect of nano clay Laponite on stability of SHG active J-aggregate of a thiacyanine dye onto LB films

Effect of Electric Field on J-aggregate in Ultrathin Films

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Reversible Transition between Excimer and J-Aggregate of Indocarbocyanine Dye in Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) Films

Stability of J-aggregated species in an indocarbocyanine dye in Langmuir–Blodgett Films

Effect of nano clay Laponite on stability of SHG active J-aggregate of a thiacyanine dye onto LB films

Effect of Electric Field on J-aggregate in Ultrathin Films