Broadband metamaterial absorber (MA) in the whole visible regime has attracted an enormous amount of attention for its potential applications in thermophotovoltaic cells, thermal emitters, and other optoelectronic devices. Nonetheless, complicated device configuration is still involved in achieving broadband, polarization-independent MA and it results in a cost-ineffective fabrication process. In this paper, a novel MA composed of a periodic array of dielectric cylinder sandwiched by the non-noble metal of nickel (Ni) film is demonstrated. Experimental results show that the proposed MA exhibits strong absorptive behavior independent of polarization in the whole visible regime (400-700 nm). The absorption still remains 80% when the incident angle is 60°. The proposed fabrication method is well compatible with the conventional soft nano-imprinting lithography technique, thus it is economic and scalable for a large-format substrate. These results provide an alternative method for the realization of high-performance visible light absorber and offer new opportunities for potential applications in related fields.

Broadband, wide-angle, and polarization-independent metamaterial absorber for the visible regime.

Optical absorbers with dynamic tuning features are able to flexibly control the absorption performance, which offers a good platform for realizing optical switching, filtering, modulating, etc. Here, we propose a thermally tunable broadband absorber applying a patterned plasmonic metasurface with thermo-chromic vanadium dioxide (VO2) spacers. An actively tunable absorption bandwidth and peak resonant wavelength in the region from the near- to mid-infrared (NMIR) are simultaneously achieved with the insulating–metallic phase transition of VO2. Moreover, the scalable unit cell, which is composed of multi-width sub-cells, provides a new freedom to further manipulate (i.e., broaden or narrow) the absorption bandwidth while maintaining a high relative absorption bandwidth and efficient absorbance at the same time. For both transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations, the proposed nanostructure exhibits a high absorption over a wide angular range up to 60°. This method holds a promising potential for versatile utilizations in optical integrated devices, NMIR photodetection, thermal emitters, smart temperature control systems, and so forth.

Tunable and scalable broadband metamaterial absorber involving VO 2 -based phase transition

In this paper, we scrutinize unprecedented potential of transition metal carbides (TMCs) and nitrides (TMNs) for realization of light perfect absorption in an ultra-broad frequency range encompassing all of the visible (Vis) and near infrared (NIR) regions. For this purpose, two different configurations which are planar and trapezoidal array are employed. To gain insight on the condition for light perfect absorption, a systematic modeling approach based on transfer matrix method (TMM) is firstly utilized. Our modeling findings prove that the permittivity data of these TMCs and TMNs are closely matched with the ideal data. Thus, they can have stronger and broader absorption behavior compared to metals. Besides, these ceramic materials are preferred to metals due to the fact that they have better thermal properties and higher durability against erosion and oxidation than metals. This could provide the opportunity for design of highly efficient light harvesting systems with long-term stability. Numerical simulations are conducted to optimize the device optical performance for each of the proposed carbides and nitrides. Our findings reveal that these ceramic coatings have the broadest absorption response compared to all lossy and plasmonic metals. In planar configuration, titanium carbide (TiC) has the largest absorption bandwidth (BW) where an absorption above 0.9 is retained over a broad wavelength range of 405–1495 nm. In trapezoid architecture, vanadium nitride (VN) shows the widest BW covering a range from 300 to 2500 nm. The results of this study can serve as a beacon for the design of future high-performance energy conversion devices including solar vapor generation and thermal photovoltaics where both optical and thermal requirements can be satisfied.

/pdf/all-ceramic-based-metal-free-ultra-broadband-perfect-52rqjt41gj.pdf

All Ceramic-Based Metal-Free Ultra-broadband Perfect Absorber

Metamaterials (MMs) with artificial structures have extraordinary physical properties that cannot be found in traditional materials. MMs with electromagnetic wave absorption (MMAs) can be prepared through the structural design and arrangement of unit structures with special physical properties. These unit structures at the subwavelength scale are fundamental for MMAs to surpass the performance limits of bulk materials, so the matching of manufacturing processes is particularly important. The rapidly developing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has shown great advantages and potential in manufacturing complex materials and structures, providing a simple, rapid, and efficient manufacturing method for researching and preparing MMAs. In this review, we introduce the concept and development of MMAs and focus on the research status of using 3D printing technology to manufacture MMAs. Furthermore, we briefly introduce their typical applications, discuss the inadequacies of the current development of MMs and the limitations of 3D printing technology in preparing MMAs, and propose the prospects for developing the combination of MMs and 3D printing. 

/pdf/3d-printing-metamaterials-for-highly-efficient-640km7e7.pdf

3D printing metamaterials for highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

The common complex architecture constitutes the major bottleneck of optical absorber operating on broadband spectrum. Here we demonstrate a super absorber consisting of tapered dielectric nanostructure coated with a thin-layer of non-noble metal chromium on flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate. The proposed device yields double-sided, omnidirectional, and polarization-independent absorption over the entire visible spectrum with an average efficiency more than 90% at normal incidence, and 80% at a tilt incident angle of 60°. It can be easily realized by nanoimprinting lithography combined with physical vapor deposition technique. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the superior optical performance is ascribed to the non-resonant light absorption by using the metal-covered, closed-packed tapered nanostructure via adiabatic nanofocusing of the metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) guided modes excited by scattering of the gradually changing nanostructure. For the cost-effective fabrication and material strategy, the super absorber has potential applications in a wide range of passive and active photonic devices, including inkless printing, harvesting solar energy, as well as thermal emitter and optical detector.

Double-sided and omnidirectional absorption of visible light in tapered dielectric nanostructure coated with non-noble metal

We propose nano-meanders that can achieve wide-angle band absorption in visible regime. The nano-meander consists of a subwavelength dielectric grating covered by continuous ultra-thin Aluminum film (less than one tenth of the incident wavelength). The excited photonic resonant modes, such as cavity mode, surface plasmonic mode and Rayleigh-Wood anomaly, are discussed in detail. Nearly total resonant absorption due to funneling mechanism in the air nano-groove is almost invariant with large incident angle in transverse magnetic polarization. From both the structural geometry and the nanofabrication point of view, the light absorber has a very simple geometrical structure and it is easy to be integrated into complex photonic devices. The highly efficient angle-robust light absorber can be potential candidate for a range of passive and active photonic applications, including solar-energy harvesting as well as producing artificial colors on a large scale substrate.

Dielectric-based subwavelength metallic meanders for wide-angle band absorbers

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Dielectric-based subwavelength metallic meanders for wide-angle band absorbers