Apparatus and method for scanning a surface. An optical system generates a light beam to illuminate a surface. A carrier supports the surface for reciprocating motion with respect to the light beam to form one axis of a raster. A propulsion system moves the carrier at a substantially constant speed and a position sensor provides an output signal representing the surface position with respect to the light beam. A control system responsive to the output signal modulates a sample period reciprocally to carrier speed to achieve substantially constant scan length per sample and to control data acquisition timing.

Apparatus and method for scanning a surface

An optical element holding device (39) comprises a holding unit (43) for holding the flange portion (38a) of an optical element (38). The holding unit includes a bearing surface block (50a) having a bearing surface (49) in contact with the flange portion and a bearing surface block supporting mechanism (51) for supporting the bearing surface block turnably on an axis (Y) in the tangential direction of the optical element. By this construction, the optical element (38) is kinematically held by the optical element holding device (39) thereby to keep a satisfactory image-forming performance of the optical element.

Optical element holding device

An amplifier arrangement includes a first amplifier powered by a pair of lower voltage power supplies, a second amplifier powered by a pair of higher voltage power supplies and a drive control device. This amplifier arrangement has both current and voltage gain larger than one. The drive control device includes a regulating device adapted to switch off the first amplifier based on the output signal of the amplifier arrangement, and at least one current link and at least one voltage controlled current source. The transition between the operation of the first and second amplifiers is thereby controlled by the values of the currents of these at least one current links and the at least one voltage controlled current sources.

Amplifier arrangement with voltage gain and reduced power consumption

A method and apparatus for efficiently amplifying input signals includes multiple amplifiers (20, 30). Each amplifier receives a signal from a power divider (12) where the input signal is split with substantially equal phase. Each amplifier drives a load (40) through a parallel coupled line pair (26, 36). The parallel coupled line pairs are preferably implemented in micro-strip or strip line technology. Each amplifier includes gate bias inputs (24, 34) and drain bias inputs (22, 32). The gate bias inputs can be biased equally and the drain bias inputs can be biased equally, resulting in a parallel, power combined, amplifier configuration. Alternately, the drain bias inputs can be staggered, or the gate bias inputs can be staggered to increase efficiency.

Power amplification apparatus and method therefor

The image forming apparatus can retain a stable and high image quality for many hours without use of any high precise mechanical parts and without causing any non-uniformity and mal-registration in a color image. In the image forming apparatus, an image recording medium (photosensitive drum) (6a) is driven by a rotative driving mechanism (pulleys and belts) (40a); and an image recording section (print bar) (6c) records an image repeatedly on the rotating image recording medium (6a) in a direction perpendicular to a rotational direction of the image recording medium. The image recorded on the image recording medium (6a) is transcribed onto an image transcribing medium (paper) (22) being fed in the rotational direction of the image recording medium (6a) to form an image. In particular, the apparatus comprises a rotation detecting section (rotary encoder) (6r) for detecting angular travel rates of the image recording medium (6a); and a recording timing control section (5) for controlling recording timing (HSYNC) at which the image is started to be recorded in the direction perpendicular to the rotational direction of the image recording medium (6a), on the basis of the angular travel rates detected by the rotation detecting section (6r).

Image forming apparatus with image recording timing control

A method and apparatus for controlling the relative states between a rotating load member driven by a motor via a transmission where the velocity and position of the rotating load member are determined and the velocity and position of the motor are determined. The information concerning the velocity and position of the load and motor are used by a controller to generate a torque signal for controlling the velocity and position of the motor such that there is increased relative damping and relative stiffness between the rotating load member and the motor.

Controlling the speed of an image-bearing member using relative states

Disclosed herein are an improved method and apparatus for optically reading pre-recorded magnetic information on a magneto-optic recording element. The invention addresses the technical problem of minimizing the adverse effect of unpredictable variations in the state of polarization of the beam of radiation used for read-out. Such variations may be produced, for example, by birefringence variations in a transparent layer or substrate through which the recorded information is recovered. According to the invention, the undesired polarization variations are sensed from the system's output signal, and an error signal representative of such variations is produced. Such error signal is used to adjust the state of polarization of the read-out beam prior to detection by the system's detector elements. Preferably, the read beam is directed through the combination of a quarterwave plate and a Faraday rotator, and the error signal is used to control the magnetic field of the Faraday rotator. In effect, the combination of the quarterwave plate and Faraday rotator behaves like a variable phase retardation plate as far as the resultant output signal is measured by differential detection is concerned.

Magneto-optic read-out method and apparatus with polarization correction means

A circuit for driving a focus actuator of the "double-solenoid" (i.e. twin-coil) variety comprises circuit means for selectively supplying current to one or the other of the actuator's coils in such a manner as to eliminate any dead-band discontinuity in the actuator response while current-switching between the coils. Such circuitry comprises a current source and/or amplifier for selectively providing current to the actuator coils, means for detecting the difference in current flowing in the coils, an a differential amplifier, connected in a feedback loop, for comparing the output of the detecting means with a signal indicating the focal position of a focusing lens. The output of the differential amplifier is used to control the output of the current source, controlling which of the two actuator coils receives current and how much.

Driving circuit for double solenoid focus actuator

A power efficient amplifier uses two stages, a low voltage stage and a high voltage stage. The low voltage stage supplies a nominal operating current to a load from a low voltage low power output when the requirements are small, and the high voltage stage supplies a desired output current to the load exceeding the nominal operating current when the load requires such. Switching to the high voltage output stage in response to sensing current to the load exceeding the nominal operating current conserves energy and increases operational efficiency. The amplifier circuitry produces a power efficient voltage-to-current transformation. The circuitry includes an operational amplifier that receives a signal proportional to the current flowing to the load and, an input signal which represents the desired load current. When the output increases above a certain level, it turns off the low voltage stage and turns on the high voltage stage causing the available output power to increase. A power efficient amplifier is obtained by operating with the lowest required output power.

Power efficient voltage to current coverter

Disclosed herein are an improved method and apparatus for optically reading pre-recorded magnetic information on a magneto-optic recording element. The invention addresses the technical problem of minimizing the adverse effect of unpredictable variations in the state of polarization of the beam of radiation used for read-out. Such variations may be produced, for example, by birefringence variations in a transparent layer or substrate through which the recorded information is recovered. According to the invention, the undesired polarization variations are sensed from the system's output signal, and an error signal representative of such variations is produced. Such error signal is used to adjust the state of polarization of the read-out beam prior to detection by the system's detector elements. Preferably, the read beam is directed through the combination of a quarter-wave plate and a Faraday rotator, and the error signal is used to control the magnetic field of the Faraday rotator. In effect, the combination of the quarter-wave plate (QWP) and Faraday rotator (FR) behaves like a variable phase retardation plate as far as the resultant output signal is measured by differential detection is concerned.

Magneto-optic read-out method and apparatus

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