Single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation using Pt1 FeOx

Lowering platinum (Pt) loadings without sacrificing power density and durability in fuel cells is highly desired yet challenging because of the high mass transport resistance near the catalyst surfaces. We tailored the three-phase microenvironment by optimizing the ionomer by incorporating ionic covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets into Nafion. The mesoporous apertures of 2.8 to 4.1 nanometers and appendant sulfonate groups enabled the proton transfer and promoted oxygen permeation. The mass activity of Pt and the peak power density of the fuel cell with Pt/Vulcan (0.07 mg of Pt per square centimeter in the cathode) both reached 1.6 times those values without the COF. This strategy was applied to catalyst layers with various Pt loadings and different commercial catalysts. Description Helping fuel cells breathe In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the Nafion ionomer usually overencapsulates and inhibits the platinum catalyst and can impede gas transport in the catalyst layer. Q. Zhang et al. showed that adding a sulfonated covalent organic framework (COF) to Nafion could improve the activity based on platinum by up to 60% (see the Perspective by Ma and Lutkenhaus). The hexagonal pores of the COF improve gas transport, and the sulfonic acid groups anchored on the pore walls decrease binding to platinum, which inhibits its activity. —PDS Adding a sulfonated ionic covalent organic framework into the Nafion ionomer improves gas transport to the catalyst layer.

Covalent organic framework–based porous ionomers for high-performance fuel cells

The electrocatalysis of CO tolerance in the hydrogen oxidation reaction was investigated for Pt/C, PtSn/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Both half and single cell polarization characteristics were studied at several temperatures and CO partial pressures. It is proposed that the CO adsorption step occurs predominantly through a displacement path for PtSn/C and through a free site attack path for CO on both Pt/C and PtRu/C. The data are more consistent with the participation of linear (PtSn/C, and PtRu/C [T≤55°C]) and bridged bonded adsorbed CO on Pt/C and PtRu/C [T≥70°C]. The CO oxidation process occurs at different potentials depending on the nature of the electrode material. The oxidation of CO by the alloy catalysts is not the only contributor to CO tolerance. Changes in the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the CO adsorption process, induced by the alloy catalysts, also contribute to CO tolerance.

Electrocatalysis of CO tolerance in hydrogen oxidation reaction in PEM fuel cells

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eem2.12064

Advances in Porous Perovskites: Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Performance in Fuel Cells and Metal–Air Batteries

Driven by the increasing global energy demand, the development of innovative energy conversion and storage systems is becoming more and more urgent. As one of the attractive means, water splitting has attracted widespread attention because of its great potential in storing electricity in the form of chemical fuel which also makes it a promising solution to the utilization of non-grid electricity generated by solar or wind. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is generally deemed as the key rate-limiting step of water splitting, and thus studying efficient OER electrocatalysts with a low overpotential and good stability is of vital importance. Here, we successfully prepared an OER catalyst with excellent electrochemical performance through a simple anion doping. Firstly, a stable cubic perovskite SrCoO3−δ was prepared by anion F-doping instead of traditional A and/or B site doping. Secondly, SrCoO2.85−δF0.15 demonstrates excellent OER activity superior to its parent hexagonal compound H-Sr2Co2O5 and those perovskites prepared via complicated A- and/or B-site doping. DFT calculations and XPS investigations reveal that the cubic structure and the highly oxidative oxygen species (O22−/O−) via F− doping jointly contribute to the better OER properties of SrCoO2.85−δF0.15. Our work brings forth a promising strategy to stabilize cubic structures from hexagonal ones via a simple anion doping strategy, which may open a new avenue for the development of even more effective OER catalysts and may be applied in many other fields related to structure transformation, in addition to energy and catalysis fields.

An excellent OER electrocatalyst of cubic SrCoO3-δ prepared by a simple F-doping strategy

We have adapted the two-phase Brust method to synthesize large quantities of AuPd alloy nanoparticles with diameter of 1.86 ± 0.40 nm. When the particles were spread at the air/water interface of a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) trough, they exhibited a distinct pressure area isotherm curve. The X-ray reflectivity (XRR) shows the formation of an incompressible monolayer with uniform thickness of 1.16 ± 0.02 nm at low pressures which collapses to form a second layer with 2.13 nm thickness at higher pressures. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging of the monolayer indicates that the particles are highly crystalline, with well-defined atomic planes and self-assembly into a hexagonal structure. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of the LB lift-off films only shows Au–Au and Au–Pd configurations, consistent with the formation of random alloy rather than core–shell structure. When the particle monolayer was lifted onto the Nafion membrane of a proton exchange membrane f...

Designing Nanoplatelet Alloy/Nafion Catalytic Interfacefor Optimization of PEMFCs: Performance, Durability, and CO Resistance

Enhancing proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance via graphene oxide surface synergy

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) provide a renewable source of energy through the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen gas; however, operation relies on a costly platinum catalyst layer. This study investigates how electrospun catalyst layers may be employed to increase the surface area:volume ratio for catalysis to optimize PEMFC performance. When preparing electrospinning solutions, several base polymers were evaluated in varying concentrations to optimize fiber formation, with poly(acrylic acid) found to be preferable at a 12 wt% concentration. Ultimately, PEMFCs with electrospun catalyst layers achieved a 108% increase in power output compared to those air-sprayed.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8A100AF1F67DD7C55FCA8B19B8140E04/S2159685919001447a.pdf/div-class-title-electrospinning-deposition-of-poly-acrylic-acid-platinum-carbon-catalyst-ink-to-enhance-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cell-performance-div.pdf

Electrospinning deposition of poly(acrylic acid): platinum/carbon catalyst ink to enhance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance

Mesoporous carbon aerogel with tunable porosity as the catalyst support for enhanced proton-exchange membrane fuel cell performance

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Designing Nanoplatelet Alloy/Nafion Catalytic Interfacefor Optimization of PEMFCs: Performance, Durability, and CO Resistance

Enhancing proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance via graphene oxide surface synergy

Electrospinning deposition of poly(acrylic acid): platinum/carbon catalyst ink to enhance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance

Mesoporous carbon aerogel with tunable porosity as the catalyst support for enhanced proton-exchange membrane fuel cell performance