As the automotive industry transitions from internal combustion engine vehicles to the era of electric cars, extensive research is being conducted in the field of electric vehicles. While a significant portion of this research focuses on the electrification of passenger cars, commercial vehicles have experienced relatively modest changes towards electric propulsion. Particularly, challenges related to power and efficiency have prompted a concentrated effort in addressing these issues. However, improvements in the efficiency of motors and inverters are reaching their limits, necessitating the development of multi-speed transmissions for electric commercial vehicles to enhance overall system efficiency. In this paper, the development of a 4-speed transmission with a synchronizer designed for electric commercial vehicles is presented as part of a project. A transmission shift map was developed, and verification of increased power and efficiency was conducted through a comparison with the existing product (a pneumatic 4-speed internal combustion engine transmission) installed in the target commercial vehicle. The study utilized vehicle dynamics, component modeling, and simulation environments to assess the improvements in performance. 

Development of Shift Map for Electric Commercial Vehicle and Comparison Verification of Pneumatic 4-Speed AMT and 4-Speed Transmission with Synchronizer in Simulation

A tripartite evolutionary game study on the governance of online catering riders’ traffic violations from the perspective of collaborative regulation

Technology readiness and intentions to use conditionally automated vehicles

Dviratis yra matomas kaip darnios susisiekimo sistemos dalis, jis užtikrina aplinkos apsaugą, ekonominę gerovę bei socialinę gerovę. Tačiau tuo pat metu besinaudojantys dviračiu yra patys pažeidžiamiausi eismo dalyviai ir, nepaisant infrastruktūros kokybės gerinimo, eismo įvykių, susijusių su dviračių vairuotojais, skaičius nemažėja taip, kaip tikėtasi. Straipsnyje analizuojami naujausi moksliniai straipsniai, susiję su pagrindiniais veiksniais, lemiančiais pasirinkimą atlikti keliones dviračiais, – oro sąlygomis, reljefu, infrastruktūros kokybe, saugumu, socialiniais pokyčiais. Straipsnyje atlikta ir naujausių mokslinių tyrimų analizė, susijusi su eismo įvykiais, kurių metu sužeidžiami dviračių vairuotojai. Nustatomos dažniausiai pasitaikančių eismo įvykių rūšys bei jų sąsaja su susisiekimo infrastruktūros planavimu. 

pdf/veiksniu-lemianciu-pasirinkima-atlikti-keliones-dviraciais-32zqns8za8.pdf

Veiksnių, lemiančių pasirinkimą atlikti keliones dviračiais, ir eismo įvykių, susijusių su kelionėmis dviračiais, analizė

Problem: Increasing the role of cycling is necessary to reduce physical inactivity. While promoting cycling, attention should also be given to traffic safety. Hence, a better understanding on the underlying factors and safety recommendations of cyclist crashes is needed. This study aims to increase knowledge on fatal single-bicycle crashes (SBCs), where other road users are not collided with. Method: Data from in-depth investigated fatal cyclist crashes in Finland is analyzed from 2010 to 2019. The study presents descriptive analysis of the characteristics, underlying factors, and safety recommendations of SBCs (n = 82) and other cyclist crashes (n = 151). Logistic regression analysis and chi-squared tests were performed to identify significant characteristics for SBCs. Results: Fatal SBCs commonly involved people aged 60 or older, males, and cyclist not wearing a helmet. Cyclist’s health issues influenced the crash in 62.2% of the SBCs. Compared to other cyclist crashes, health issues, alcohol, males, other crash locations than intersections, and weekends were highlighted in SBCs. Safety recommendations emphasized human factors, such as informing cyclist about underlying factors and the use of safety equipment. Discussion: In addition to human factors, the safety recommendations included suggestions regarding the bicycle, the traffic environment, and traffic regulations. This highlights the need to focus on different safety improvement actions to reduce SBCs. This study identified key characteristics of SBCs, which may help traffic safety authorities address this road safety issue and ultimately help to promote cyclist safety. Practical Applications: Cooperation between the actors including health care providers and the police is also proposed to address cyclists’ health issues that contribute to SBCs. 

Single-bicycle crashes in Finland – Characteristics and safety recommendations

Transport automation is increasingly being studied from different perspectives; however, the perceptions of road haulage companies have received less attention. This study explores the views of representatives of small- and medium-sized road haulage companies on transport automation in Finland. We conducted an online survey to gather perceptions of automation, which received 254 responses from representatives of a range of different transport industries. The respondents’ views towards automation were generally negative. The overall view was that automation may not be possible for heavy vehicles in Finland due to the adverse weather and driving conditions. The perception was that road haulage automation is unlikely to occur before 2050 in Finland. The results provide valuable insight for vehicle manufacturers, technology developers, policy makers, and haulage companies. As the road haulage industry is dominated by small- and medium-sized companies, hauliers should be supported in actively implementing new technologies.

/pdf/perceptions-of-transport-automation-amongst-small-and-medium-3q3iou12.pdf

Perceptions of Transport Automation amongst Small- and Medium-Sized Road Haulage Companies in Finland

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport contribute significantly to climate change. Some of the transport policies with the greatest potential to mitigate climate change are related to zero-emission vehicles. This study aimed to analyse the different factors, and their importance, influencing purchase decisions for battery electric vehicles (BEV). Experts’ perceptions were collected with a Delphi study consisting of a two-round survey to assess factors that would increase the probability of a petrol- or diesel-car owner purchasing a BEV in Finland in the year 2025. Increasing the possibilities for home charging and the provision of a purchase subsidy were seen as the most important factors. Public fast charging and the difference in use costs between current technology vehicles and BEVs were also recognised as important factors. Existing systems of financial instruments and policies must be constantly evaluated and updated due to the evolving BEV industry.

Effect of Policies to Accelerate the Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles in Finland—A Delphi Study

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Single-bicycle crashes in Finland – Characteristics and safety recommendations

Perceptions of Transport Automation amongst Small- and Medium-Sized Road Haulage Companies in Finland

Effect of Policies to Accelerate the Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles in Finland—A Delphi Study