Statistics for spatial data: by Noel Cressie, 1991, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 900 p., ISBN 0-471-84336-9, US $89.95

Systematic regional planning for multiple objective natural resource management

The factors responsible for widespread declines of grassland birds in the United States are not well understood. This study, conducted in the short-grass prairie of eastern Wyoming, was designed to investigate the relationship between variation in habitat amount, landscape heterogeneity, prey resources, and spatial variation in grassland bird species richness. We estimated bird richness over a 5-year period (1994–1998) from 29 Breeding Bird Survey locations. Estimated bird richness was modeled as a function of landscape structure surrounding survey routes using satellite-based imagery (1996) and grasshopper density and richness, a potentially important prey of grassland birds. Model specification progressed from simple to complex explanations for spatial variation in bird richness. An information-theoretic approach was used to rank and select candidate models. Our best model included measurements of habitat amount, habitat arrangement, landscape matrix, and prey diversity. Grassland bird richness was positively associated with grassland habitat; was negatively associated with habitat dispersion; positively associated with edge habitats; negatively associated with landscape matrix attributes that may restrict movement of grassland bird; and positively related to grasshopper richness. Collectively, 62% of the spatial variation in grassland bird richness was accounted for by the model (adj-R
 2 = 0.514). These results suggest that the distribution of grassland bird species is influenced by a complex mixture of factors that include habitat area affects, landscape pattern and composition, and the availability of prey.

https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2006/rmrs_2006_hamer_t001.pdf

Factors associated with grassland bird species richness: The relative roles of grassland area, landscape structure, and prey

This report documents trends in America’s rangelands as required by the Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974. The Forest Service has conducted assessments of the rangeland situation for 30 years. Over this period, rangeland values and uses have gradually shifted from concentrating upon forage production and meeting increasing demand for red meat to a more broad-based understanding under a framework of sustainable resource management. The total extent of rangeland will likely continue a trend of slow decline, but any changes will be small in relation to the total U.S. grazing land base of about 800 million acres. Lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program are not expected to affect this trend. Data from various sources indicate that range condition has been fairly static over the past decade. Non-indigenous weed invasions have offset advances in rangeland health. Regardless, the productive capacity of U.S. rangelands is not expected to degrade because of slowly decreasing livestock utilization and possible advances in biotechnology. Trends in the number of people with adequate technical skills to manage rangelands and conduct research need closer attention. This publication is also available on the web at http://www.fs.fed.us/rm. You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. Please send the publication title and number. Telephone (970) 498-1394 Email rschneider@fs.fed.us

https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr068.pdf

Rangeland Resource Trends in the United States: A Technical Document Supporting the 2000 USDA Forest Service RPA Assessment

We tested the hypothesis that black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) influence avian community structure on the shortgrass prairie. We surveyed 36 prairie dog towns and 36 paired sites without prairie dogs during summer and fall of 1997, 1998, and 1999 in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Our surveys totaled 9,040 individual observations for 73 avian species. Significantly distinct avian communities were present on prairie dog towns when compared to sites within four different macrohabitats of the surrounding landscape: open rangeland, scrub/sandsage (Artemisia filifolia) habitats, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plots, and fallow crop fields. Relative densities of all bird species combined was higher on prairie dog towns versus paired sites in summer and fall. Mean species richness of birds was significantly higher on prairie dog towns than paired sites during summer, but there were no significant differences in fall. Open rangeland had the highest mean species richness in fall. Assemblages of avian communities differed significantly between prairie dog towns and the four macrohabitat types during summer. Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), horned larks (Eremophila alpestris), and meadowlarks (Sturnella spp.) were positively and significantly associated with prairie dog towns during summer, while horned larks and ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) were significantly associated with prairie dog towns during fall. Even in their current remnant state, black-tailed prairie dogs continue to play a significant role in the assembly of ecological communities across the Great Plains. Conservation of prairie dogs goes well beyond a single species, and is an important strategy for the preservation of the prairie ecosystem as a whole.

Black-tailed prairie dogs and the structure of avian communities on the shortgrass plains

Ecosystem, species and genetic dimensions of b iodivers i ty have eroded s ince widespread se t t lement of the Grea t P la ins . Convers ion of nat ive vegeta t ion in the region fol lowed the precipi ta t ion gradien t , wi th the grea tes t convers ion in the eas te rn ta l lg rass pra i r ie and eastern mixed-grass types . Areas now dominated by in tensive land uses are “hot spots” for exotic birds. However, species of all taxa listed as threa tened or endangered are wel l -d is t r ibu ted across the Grea t P la ins . These species are of ten associated with special landscape features , such as wet lands , r ivers , caves , sandhi l l s and pra i r ie dog towns . In the long run , sus ta in ing b iod ivers i ty in the Grea t P la ins , and the goods and se r vices we der ive from the plains , wil l depend on how successful ly we can manage to mainta in and res tore habi ta t var ia t ion and revi ta l ize ecosystem functioning. Public policy and legislation played a significant role in the degrada t ion of na t ive hab i ta t s in the reg ion . Both po l icy and leg is la tion will be needed to reverse the degradation and restore critical ecosystem processes . 277 This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain.

/pdf/recent-biodiversity-patterns-in-the-great-plains-1hrtfx8jq1.pdf

Recent Biodiversity Patterns in the Great Plains: Implications for Restoration and Management

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Recent Biodiversity Patterns in the Great Plains: Implications for Restoration and Management