Shear-wave velocity (Vs) offers a means to determine the seismic resistance of soil to liquefaction by a fundamental soil property. This paper presents the results of an 11-year international project to gather new Vs site data and develop probabilistic correlations for seismic soil liquefaction occurrence. Toward that objective, shear-wave velocity test sites were identified, and measurements made for 301 new liquefaction field case histories in China, Japan, Taiwan, Greece, and the United States over a decade. The majority of these new case histories reoccupy those previously investigated by penetration testing. These new data are combined with previously published case histories to build a global catalog of 422 case histories of Vs liquefaction performance. Bayesian regression and structural reliability methods facilitate a probabilistic treatment of the Vs catalog for performance-based engineering applications. Where possible, uncertainties of the variables comprising both the seismic demand an...

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Shear-Wave Velocity–Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential

Resilience assessment framework for critical infrastructure in a multi-hazard environment: Case study on transport assets.

Mitigation of liquefaction and associated ground deformations by stone columns

A series of large-scale underwater shaking table tests was performed on a gravity type model caisson protected by a cushioning technique using tire chips (scrap tire derived recycled product). The function of the tire chips cushion is to reduce the load and restricting the permanent displacement of such waterfront retaining structures during earthquakes by exploiting the compressibility, the ductility and the energy absorbing capacity of tire chips. The seismic performance of such earthquake resistant techniques was evaluated by subjecting the soil-structure system into three different earthquake loadings (two actual earthquake records and one synthetic earthquake), and measuring the respective responses. The results demonstrated that the seismic load against the caisson quay wall could be substantially reduced using the proposed technique. In addition, the presence of the protective tire chips cushion could significantly reduce the earthquake-induced residual displacement of the caisson quay wall.

Underwater Shake Table Tests on Waterfront Structures Protected with Tire Chips Cushion

Evaluating the effects of the magnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration on reinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium Horizontal Slices Method

Seismic Design Guidelines For Port Structures

Five pile-supported wharf models were dynamically tested in a large-scale geotechnical centrifuge at UC Davis, California. Models representing pile-supported wharf configurations common in the United States were subjected to recorded acceleration time histories. Model variations included single-lift, multi-lift, and cut-slope rock dike configurations with foundation layers of loose liquefiable sand, marine clay, or dense sand, or a combination thereof. In addition, zones of soil were placed to model soil improvement. Structural elements representing pile-supported wharf geometries were placed within the models; some models included all vertical piles, while two of the models included batter piles. In addition, single piles were placed in two of the models and subjected to static cyclic lateral load tests. All models were extensively instrumented with nearly 100 instruments recording accelerations, pore pressures, linear deformations, and pile strains. This paper summarizes the design, construction, and testing of these complex models, and includes a brief summary of the results and recommendations for future modeling.

Centrifuge seismic modeling of pile-supported wharves

Earthquakes have highlighted seismic hazard concerns for ports. The design of a seismically resilient wharf requires an understanding of its performance during earthquakes. Due to the complex nature of pile-supported wharves, state of the art centrifuge modeling techniques are being used to better understand seismic performance. This paper summarizes aspects of the construction, imstrumentation, and testing of the models. Results on the seismic performance of the model are also presented, as well as the comparison between the measured centrifuge seismic performance as well as the seismic performance estimated using a standard-of-practice design method.

The Seismic Performance of Piles in Waterfront Applications

Piles are often installed in sloping rock fill for the construction of marginal wharves. Though much information is available on the lateral performance of piles in sloping sand, silt, and clay profiles, only limited information is available on the lateral performance of piles in sloping or horizontal rock fill. This paper summarizes the results of a recent research effort using centrifuge and numerical models, as well as field data, to better understand the performance of piles at marginal wharves. The results indicate that modifications to current analysis methods are required to accurately model the lateral behavior of piles in sloping rock fill. Modifications are required to account for the sloping profile, resulting in reduced p-y curve ultimate strength in the downslope direction. In addition, if the diameter of the rock fill is approximately the same as the pile diameter, the ultimate strength of the p-y curve in both the upslope and downslope directions needs to be increased to account for the discrete particle interaction between the piles and rock fill.

The behavior of piles in sloping rock fill at marginal wharves

Investigation of the M6.6 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki, Japan, earthquake of July 16, 2007

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