Building information modelling (BIM) is increasingly being adopted during construction projects. Design and construction practices are adjusting to the new system. BIM is intended to support the entire project life-cycle: the design and construction phases, and also facility management (FM). However, BIM-enabled FM remains in its infancy and has not yet reached its full potential. The purpose of this paper is to identify major aspects of BIM in order to derive a fully BIM-enabled FM process.,In total, 207 papers were classified into main and subordinate research areas for quantitative analysis. These findings were then used to conceptualise a BIM-enabled FM framework grounded by innovation diffusion theory for adoption, and for determining the path of future research.,Through an extensive literature review, the paper summarises many benefits and challenges. Major aspects of BIM are identified in order to describe a BIM-enabled FM implementation process grounded by innovation diffusion theory. The major research areas of the proposed framework include: planning and guidelines; value realisation; internal leadership and knowledge; procurement; FM; specific application areas; data capture techniques; data integration; knowledge management; and legal and policy impact. Each element is detailed and is supported by literature. Finally, gaps are highlighted for investigation in future research.,This paper systematically classifies and evaluates the existing research, thus contributing to the achievement of the ultimate vision of BIM-enabled FM. The proposed framework informs facility managers, and the BIM-enabled FM implementation process. Further, the holistic survey identifies gaps in the body of knowledge, revealing avenues for future research.

Building information modelling for facility management: are we there yet?

Facilities Management (FM) as the total management of all services supports the core businesses of an organisation in a building. However, today’s buildings are increasingly sophisticated and the need for information to operate and maintain them is vital. Facility Managers have to acquire, integrate, edit, and update diverse facility information ranging from building elements, fabric data, operational costs, contract types, room allocation, logistics, maintenance, etc. However, FM professionals face challenges resulting in cost and time related productivity, efficiency and effectiveness losses. Building Information Modelling (BIM), that seeks to integrate the building lifecycle, can provide improvements and help to overcome those challenges. Thus, the paper explores how BIM can contribute to and improve the FM profession. It uses the MediaCityUK project as a case study, which is a regeneration project aiming to attract media institutions locally and worldwide and establish itself as an international centre for excellence. For this purpose, the key FM tasks are identified and a BIM model for the new university building in MediaCityUK is developed and experimented with the FM tasks by a group of FM experts. As a result, the paper explains how BIM can support FM tasks in an itemised manner.

/pdf/building-information-modelling-bim-for-facilities-management-58uiql6ti0.pdf

Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Facilities Management (FM): The Mediacity Case Study Approach

The concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) has its roots in 2D digital drawings and product modelling Early modelling efforts emerged in order to provide a solution to data exchange problems between several CAD and analysis systems BIMs which used STEP as their base standard, adopted STEP data exchange and sharing mechanisms, enabling data exchange in three levels; file exchange, working form and shared database In contrast to the traditional and accepted view of BIM as the central project model, some software vendors today define BIM as the management of a federated data layer, which consists of multiple models After a brief summary on the history of in-formation modelling in the construction industry, this paper reviews the storage and exchange mechanisms of BIMs and presents the role of model views as an information sharing and exchange method

Building information models: a review on storage and exchange mechanisms

A study performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2004 found that owners account for approximately $10.6 billion of the $15.8 billion total inadequate interoperability costs of U.S. capital facility projects in 2002. Because of these inefficiency costs, it becomes vital that information produced during the design and construction phases of a project be transferred into operations with maximum leverage to the end users. However, very few owners have defined these informational needs or developed an integration strategy into existing maintenance management systems. To increase operational efficiency, an organization must first develop an understanding of their operating systems, as well as identify how Building Information Modeling (BIM) will add value to their daily tasks. The Pennsylvania State University (PSU) has a unique opportunity to diversely implement BIM processes because not only does the University act as an owner, but also as designer and construction manager on the majority of projects. The struggle that PSU faces is one that is unique only to owners with a large, existing, multifaceted building inventory. This paper outlines the current initiative by the Office of Physical Plant (OPP), the asset manager at PSU, to develop an information exchange framework between BIM and FM applications to be used internally. Specific topics to be ascertained are: the research steps taken to develop a strategic implementation plan for information exchange process between project stakeholders and the OPP; an overview and gap analysis of the existing operations processes currently implemented; and a summary of the collaboration effort between vendors, project stakeholders and the OPP to develop this information integration. As a result of this research, PSU has been able to define owner operational requirements for future projects and develop a flexible integration framework to support additional BIM tasks and information exchanges.

Aligning bim with fm: streamlining the process for future projects on the pennsylvania state university campuses

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the operational performance of industrial park infrastructures in Germany to find first indications for cost saving potentials. Design/methodology/approach – Between 2006 and 2007, six chemical parks and chemical related industrial parks in Germany participated in a benchmarking study with focus on operation and maintenance of buildings, communication infrastructures and traffic infrastructures. Based on data analysis in combination with workshops, numerous key performance indicators were defined and calculated. Findings – To compare the different complexities of the analysed infrastructures, the most important key performance indicators were adjusted using correction factors defined and verified during the workshops. This made a discussion based on comparable and comprehensible figures possible which increased the acceptance and applicability of the benchmarking methodology. The benchmarking results showed large differences in performance levels, indicat...

/pdf/benchmarking-of-industrial-park-infrastructures-in-germany-a25enhcqne.pdf

Benchmarking of industrial park infrastructures in Germany

This paper presents an integrated collaborative approach for facilities management (FM), which utilises the Sydney Opera House (SOH) as an exemplar case study. The approach deals with Benchmarking, Procurement and Digital Modelling as a whole and develops collaboration between them. It aims to achieve innovative FM strategies and models that will possibly have a direct benefit role for the Australian facilities management industry. The Benchmarking theme focuses on the asset maintenance of the performing art centre, iconic building and facilities with similar functionalities. Critical success factors in the functional areas of asset maintenance are identified against organisational objectives of the SOH and key performance indicators are developed. The Procurement theme focuses on the maintenance service procurement, especially for outsourcing. Procurement methods and a multi-criteria assessment approach for supporting decision making are discussed. Suggested collaboration between Benchmarking and Procurement includes sharing of the benchmarking data and utility of key performance indicators to support procurement strategies. The Digital Modelling theme develops building information modelling for facilities management and investigates the potential of state-of-the-art information systems to enable a future integrated platform to support facility management collaborative activities and processes.

/pdf/an-integrated-collaborative-approach-for-fm-sydney-opera-1bwkgx7053.pdf

An integrated collaborative approach for FM-Sydney Opera House FM Exemplar

/pdf/sydney-opera-house-fm-exemplar-project-2urkrmffkt.pdf

Sydney Opera House - FM Exemplar Project

Benchmarking facilities management in performing arts centres: An organizational learning perspective.

The built environment sector must significantly reduce carbon emissions throughout the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life stages. As decarbonisation targets and regulations are announced, construction professionals must implement workflows that allow stakeholders to make prudent decisions. The cost of decarbonisation is one such workflow that needs to be addressed so options can be compared and capital expenditure and operational expenditure decisions can be made. The International Cost Management Standard (ICMS) 3rd edition provides an integrated taxonomy for classifying, defining, measuring, recording, analysing, presenting, and comparing entire life cycle costs and carbon emissions of constructed assets at a regional, national, or international level. With the help of two case studies, the importance of internationally agreed standards to achieve decarbonisation targets and decarbonise the construction sector cost-effectively will be discussed. The discussion will also highlight the role of downstream experts such as quantity surveyors, facility managers, and project managers in the decarbonisation efforts. ICMS-based solutions support sustainable investment strategies by bringing much-needed transparency and cross-border comparability of embodied and operational carbon across the life cycle of construction projects. The use of ICMS benefits all construction stakeholders who wish to reduce carbon for compliance, market, and societal reasons and drive innovation in alternative designs and solutions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1176/1/012046/pdf

Decarbonisation of the Built Environment: using integrated life cycle and carbon emissions reporting

FM as a business enabler, solutions for managing the built environment

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