The experiences of peak carbon emissions in developed economies can provide a significant reference for other economies. In terms of peak carbon intensity, per capita carbon emissions and carbon emissions, the peak process in developed economies is divided into three stages. This study analyzes gross domestic product (GDP), per capita GDP, industrialization rate, urbanization rate, and other indicators in each stage. The impacts of urbanization and industrialization on carbon emissions are examined by using a threshold regression model. The results indicate that urbanization and income level have a significant double-threshold effect on carbon emissions. From the perspective of urbanization, there is no significant correlation between carbon emissions and urbanization in the low-urbanization stage. However, urbanization has a negative effect on carbon emissions in the mid-urbanization stage. Then, this inhibitory effect becomes a promotional effect when the urbanization level crosses the second threshold. From the perspective of income level, industrialization contributes to the growth of carbon emissions. The promotional effect of industrialization on carbon emissions gradually increases in the low and intermediate income levels. However, this promotional effect begins to weaken in the high income level. Our study not only extends the existing literature about peak carbon emissions, but also merits particular attention for policy makers in less developed economies.

The process of peak CO2 emissions in developed economies: A perspective of industrialization and urbanization

The COVID-19 pandemic has further increased income inequality. This work is aimed to explore the impact of income inequality on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. To this end, income inequality is set as the threshold variable, economic growth is set as the explanatory variable, while carbon emission is set as the explained variable, and the threshold panel model is developed using the data of 56 countries. The empirical results show that income inequality has changed the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions from an inverted U-shaped to an N-shaped, which means that income inequality redefines the environmental Kuznets curve and increases the complexity of the decoupling of economic growth and carbon emissions. Specifically, economic growth significantly increases carbon emissions during periods of low income inequality, however, as income inequality increases, economic growth in turn suppresses carbon emissions. In the period of high income inequality, economic growth inhibits the increase of carbon emissions. However, with the increase of income inequality, the impact of economic growth on carbon emission changes from inhibiting to promoting. Panel regressions for robustness tests show that this phenomenon is more pronounced in high-income countries. We therefore contend that the excessive income inequality is bad for the win-win goal of economic growth without carbon emission growth, and the income distribution policy should be included in the carbon neutral strategy. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114575

Does income inequality reshape the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis? A nonlinear panel data analysis

US monetary policy and sectoral commodity prices

The response of the Beijing carbon emissions allowance price (BJC) to macroeconomic and energy price indices

The time-varying effects of financial and geopolitical uncertainties on commodity market dynamics: A TVP-SVAR-SV analysis

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00740102/document

Global excess liquidity and asset prices in emerging countries: A PVAR approach ☆

Exogeneous shocks, risk, and market convergence of real alternative and financial assets: evidence from nonlinear dynamics

The introduction of emerging currencies into a portfolio: Towards a more complete diversification model

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the exposition of emerging countries to original sin and the internationalization process of their currency in a nonlinear framework. For that purpose, we use a panel dataset of 12 emerging countries from 2005Q4 to 2018Q3, and we implement two complementary methodologies: a multiplicative interaction model and a dynamic panel threshold model. We investigate the impact of the measures of the currency internationalization process on the ability of emerging countries to issue debt in local currency. We show that the Economic size and the institutional quality of emerging countries, as well as the FX turnover of their currency, interact when explaining the share of local-currency external debt. Moreover, our results reveal the existence of thresholds beyond which there is a change in the evolution of original sin, notably for the economic size and the governance index of emerging countries. 

/pdf/local-currency-debt-and-currency-internationalization-19kk4dqs.pdf

Local-currency debt and currency internationalization dynamics: A nonlinear framework

La croissance sans precedent de la liquidite mondiale, consequence des politiques monetaires non conventionnelles mises en place par les grandes banques centrales dans la periode recente, a alimente les debats autour des effets de report au niveau international de ces politiques. Cet article etudie l’impact de la liquidite mondiale sur les cours boursiers pour un panel de onze pays emergents. Il prend en compte les non-linearites en utilisant des effets de seuil et montre que si en periode d’appetit pour le risque, la liquidite mondiale a bien un impact positif sur les prix d’actifs dans ces pays, cette relation disparait quand le sentiment des investisseurs se retourne.

Politiques monétaires non conventionnelles et prix d'actifs dans les pays émergents

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