The invention describes a new method to sequence DNA. The improvements over the existing DNA sequencing technologies are high speed, high throughput, no electrophoresis and gel reading artifacts due to the complete absence of an electrophoretic step, and no costly reagents involving various substitutions with stable isotopes. The invention utilizes the Sanger sequencing strategy and assembles the sequence information by analysis of the nested fragments obtained by base-specific chain termination via their different molecular masses using mass spectrometry, as for example, MALDI or ES mass spectrometry. A further increase in throughput can be obtained by introducing mass-modifications in the oligonucleotide primer, chain-terminating nucleoside triphosphates and/or in the chain-elongating nucleoside triphosphates, as well as using integrated tag sequences which allow multiplexing by hybridization of tag specific probes with mass differentiated molecular weights.

Dna sequencing by mass spectrometry

The invention provides fast and highly accurate mass spectrometer based processes for detecting a particular nucleic acid sequence in a biological sample. Depending on the sequence to be detected, the processes can be used, for example, to diagnose a genetic disease or chromosomal abnormality; a predisposition to a disease or condition, infection by a pathogenic organism, or for determining identity or heredity.

DNA diagnostics based on mass spectrometry

This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for desorption and ionization of analytes for the purpose of subsequent scientific analysis by such methods, for example, as mass spectrometry or biosensors. More specifically, this invention relates to the field of mass spectrometry, especially to the type of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry used to analyze macromolecules, such as proteins or biomolecules. Most specifically, this invention relates to the sample probe geometry, sample probe composition, and sample probe surface chemistries that enable the selective capture and desorption of analytes, including intact macromolecules, directly from the probe surface into the gas (vapor) phase without added chemical matrix.

Method and apparatus for desorption and ionization of analytes

Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization is performed in a manner to thermalize large analyte ions in a plume of desorbed material for spectroscopic analysis. The thermalized ions have a low or zero mean velocity and are presented at a well-defined instant in time, reducing artifacts and sharpening the spectral peaks. In one embodiment the light is delivered to a matrix or sample holder having a cover, baffle or compartment. The baffle or compartment impedes or contains a plume of desorbed material and the analyte undergoes collisions to lower its mean velocity and directionality. Thus "thermalized", the analyte ions are passed to a mass analysis instrument. In a preferred embodiment, an optical fiber butts up against a thin transparent plate on which the specimen resides, with the matrix side in a vacuum acceleration chamber. A mechanical stage moves the specimen in both the x- and y-directions to select a point on the specimen which is to receive the radiation. The use of a fiber optic illuminator allows the entire stage assembly to be subsumed essentially within the dimensions of a conventional stage.

Method and apparatus for maldi analysis

Mixtures containing a biological macromolecule, such as a nucleic acid molecule or a polypeptide, and a liquid matrix, which absorbs infrared (IR) radiation, are provided. These mixtures are useful for analysis of the biological macromolecule by IR matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (IR-MALDI) mass spectrometry. Also provided are processes for analyzing a biological macromolecule using IR-MALDI mass spectrometry. For example, processes for detecting the presence or identity of a biological macromolecule in a sample, or for sequencing a biological macromolecule are provided.

Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of macromolecules

The present invention relates to dye mixtures which comprise at least one dye of the formula (I), at least one dye of the formula (II) and optionally at least one dye of the formula (III) and/or optionally at least one dye of the formula (IV) in which D 1 to D 7 , R 201 to R 203 , R 0 , R* and R**, T, M, v and f are as defined in claim 1 , to dyes of the formula (II), to processes for their preparation, and to their use for dyeing and printing hydroxyl- and carboxamido-containing materials.

Azo reactive dyes and mixtures of fiber-reactive azo dyes, their preparation and their use

In the mass spectrometer, the sample to be investigated must be vaporised and ionised in order to achieve mass separation with the aid of electrical and/or magnetic fields. A laser pulse is used to vaporise and ionise the sample. The sample is no longer located in the mass spectrometer, as in the past, but is fixed on a thin polymer film and is arranged on the outside of the mass spectrometer at normal pressure (air or protective gas). In this case, the polymer film is constructed as an inlet window to the mass spectrometer space. Using the laser beam, a micro-hole is burned in the supporting film, through which the sample located at this point is vaporised into the mass spectrometer space. The diameter of the micro-hole is so small that the high vacuum in the mass spectrometer is not adversely affected. The invention makes mass-spectrometric investigation of solid samples possible which would decompose or sublimate in a vacuum. In consequence, new application fields for mass spectrometry can be explored.

Mass spectrometer with an external sample holder

Reactive dye mixtures which comprise one or more dyes of the indicated general formula (I) and one or more dyes of the hereinbelow indicated and defined general formula (II) where D1, D2, D3, R0, R*, R**, T, b, f, v and M are each as defined in claim 1, the dyes of the general formulae (I) and (II) containing at least one fiber-reactive group of the formula —SO2-Z or -Z2, their preparation and their use for dyeing and printing hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing fiber material.

Dye mixtures of fiber-reactive AZO dyes, their preparation and their use

Polyfunctional reactive dyes of formula (I), with a bridge containing 2 monohalo- or monocarboxypyridinium-triazine groups, are new; in which D = the residue of a mono-, poly- or metal complex azo, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, formazan, azomethin, dioxazine, phenazine, stilbene, triphenylmethane, xanthene, thioxanthone, nitroaryl, naphthoquinone, pyrenequinone or perylenetetracarbimide dye; R = hydrogen (H), methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl; R , R = H or optionally substituted 1-4C alkyl; X = halogen or carboxypyridinium; B = an aliphatic bridge; at least one of R , R and B contains sulpho, sulphato and/or carboxy substituent(s). The bridged disazo dyes of formulae (II) and (III) are excluded. Also claimed are solid dye formulations, especially powders or granulates, containing 30-95 wt.% dye(s) (I) and 5-15 wt.% buffer(s).

Readily soluble polyfunctional reactive dyes

Substituted olefins of the formula (I) ##STR1## are prepared by reaction of a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## with a compound of the formula (III) R--CH--CH2 in the presence of an organic and/or inorganic palladium salt as a catalyst using water and/or an alcohol as a solvent, the substituents and indices being defined in the disclosure.

Process for the arylation of olefins

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Stefan Meier

Author Tools

Chat about Author