Copper(I) halides: A versatile family in coordination chemistry and crystal engineering

Kinetics and Mechanisms for the Cleavage and Isomerization of the Phosphodiester Bonds of RNA by Brønsted Acids and Bases

Dumping syndrome is a frequent complication of esophageal, gastric or bariatric surgery. Rapid gastric emptying, with the delivery to the small intestine of a significant proportion of solid food as large particles that are difficult to digest, is a key event in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. This occurrence causes a shift of fluid from the intravascular component to the intestinal lumen, which results in cardiovascular symptoms, release of several gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones and late postprandial hypoglycemia. Early dumping symptoms comprise both gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms. Late dumping symptoms are the result of reactive hypoglycemia. Besides the assessment of clinical alertness and endoscopic or radiological imaging, a modified oral glucose tolerance test might help to establish a diagnosis. The first step in treating dumping syndrome is the introduction of dietary measures. Acarbose can be added to these measures for patients with hypoglycemia, whereas several studies advocate guar gum or pectin to slow gastric emptying. Somatostatin analogs are the most effective medical therapy for dumping syndrome, and a slow-release preparation is the treatment of choice. In patients with treatment-refractory dumping syndrome, surgical reintervention or continuous enteral feeding can be considered, but the outcomes of such approaches are variable.

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of postoperative dumping syndrome

Structural aspects of copper catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization

Dumping syndrome is a common but underdiagnosed complication of gastric and oesophageal surgery. We initiated a Delphi consensus process with international multidisciplinary experts. We defined the scope, proposed statements and searched electronic databases to survey the literature. Eighteen experts participated in the literature summary and voting process evaluating 62 statements. We evaluated the quality of evidence using grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Consensus (defined as >80% agreement) was reached for 33 of 62 statements, including the definition and symptom profile of dumping syndrome and its effect on quality of life. The panel agreed on the pathophysiological relevance of rapid passage of nutrients to the small bowel, on the role of decreased gastric volume capacity and release of glucagon-like peptide 1. Symptom recognition is crucial, and the modified oral glucose tolerance test, but not gastric emptying testing, is useful for diagnosis. An increase in haematocrit >3% or in pulse rate >10 bpm 30 min after the start of the glucose intake are diagnostic of early dumping syndrome, and a nadir hypoglycaemia level <50 mg/dl is diagnostic of late dumping syndrome. Dietary adjustment is the agreed first treatment step; acarbose is effective for late dumping syndrome symptoms and somatostatin analogues are preferred for patients who do not respond to diet adjustments and acarbose.

/pdf/international-consensus-on-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-5hzst2wogi.pdf

International consensus on the diagnosis and management of dumping syndrome.

/pdf/anionic-configurations-and-ligand-concentrations-in-5xha9jzn8c.pdf

Anionic Configurations and Ligand Concentrations in Butyltriphenylphosphonium Dibromocuprate(I) and Bis(butyltriphenylphosphonium) hexa-mu-bromo-tetrahedro-tetracuprate(I).

/pdf/a-new-bromocuprate-i-cluster-structure-of-tris-2zp4mx2qe1.pdf

A New Bromocuprate(I) Cluster: Structure of Tris(methyltriethylammonium) Octa-mu-bromo-mu4-bromo-hexacuprate(I), [N(CH3)(C2H5)3]3[Cu6Br9].

[P(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 [CuBr 3 ] cristallise avec le groupe d'espace R32. Affinement de la structure jusqu'a 0,040. [P(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ] 2 [Cu 2 Br 4 ] cristallise avec le groupe d'espace P2 1 /n. Affinement de la structure jusqu'a 0,068

/pdf/coordination-of-copper-i-in-bis-tetramethylphosphonium-57d1bq7m0m.pdf

Coordination of Copper(I) in bis(tetramethylphosphonium) Tribromocuprate(I) and bis(tetraethylphosphonium) Di-mu-bromo-dibromodicuprate(I); Comparison of Anionic Configurations in Bromocuprates(I) Crystallizing with Symmetrical Tetraalkylammonium and Related Cations.

/pdf/crystal-structure-of-tetrapropylammonium-dichlorocuprate-i-p1t324entt.pdf

Crystal Structure of Tetrapropylammonium Dichlorocuprate(I); Comparison of Anionic Configurations in Halocuprates(I) Crystallizing with Symmetrical Tetraalkylammonium and Related Cations.

The structure of the title compound has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. [N(CH3)(C4H9)3]2[Cu5Br7] crystallizes in space groupP¯1, witha=12.276(15),b=14.903(23),c=11.777(16) A,α=105.1(1),β=95.0(1), γ=92.8(1)°, andZ=2. Full-matrix least-squares refinement of 361 structural parameters gaveR=0.067 for 3618 observed [I>3σ(I)] reflections, measured at 170 K. Bis(methyltributylammonium) penta-μ-bromo-di-μ
5-bromo-pentacuprate(I) contains a discrete [Cu5Br7]2− anion that can be described as a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal cage of bromide ions, containing copper(I) ions in tetrahedral holes, i.e., as being composed of five face-sharing Cu-Br tetrahedra. The coordination polyhedra associated with all five copper(I) centers are, however, severely distorted, a more adequate description of the copper(I) coordination in this anion thus being 2×(2+2) and 3×(3+1). Cu-Br distances range from 2.296(5) to 3.534(6) A, and Cu⋯Cu contacts from 2.566(7) to 2.637(6) A.

Crystal structure of bis(methyltributylammonium) penta-μ-bromo-di-μ5-bromo-pentacuprate(I), a compound containing a discrete [Cu5Br7]2− aggregate

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