The n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA): A new player in the n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid family.

Fatty acids (FAs) are important as raw materials for the biotechnology industry. Existing methods of FAs production are based on chemical methods. In this study potassium hydroxide (KOH)-catalyzed reactions were utilized to hydrolysis Jatropha curcas seed oil. The parameters effect of ethanolic KOH concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time to free fatty acid (FFA%) were investigated using D-Optimal Design. Characterization of the product has been studied using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimum conditions for maximum FFA% were achieved at 1.75M of ethanolic KOH concentration, 65°C of reaction temperature and 2.0 h of reaction time. This study showed that ethanolic KOH concentration was significant variable for J. curcas seed oil hydrolysis. In a 18-point experimental design, FFA% of hydrolyzed J. curcas seed oil can be raised from 1.89% to 102.2%, which proved by FTIR and HPLC.

/pdf/hydrolysis-optimization-and-characterization-study-of-2uefdc7pby.pdf

Hydrolysis optimization and characterization study of preparing fatty acids from Jatropha curcas seed oil.

Separation of solvent and deasphalted oil for solvent deasphalting process

An effective process for the enzymatic synthesis of oleoylethanolamide is described in this study. The process included purification of a commercial oleic acid product and then optimization of the reaction between the purified oleic acid and ethanolamine in the presence of hexane and a lipase. Under the optimal amidation reaction conditions identified, oleoylethanolamide was obtained with 96.6% purity. The synthesis was also conducted on a large scale (50 mmol of each of the reactants), and oleoylethanolamide purity and yield after crystallization purification were 96.1 and 73.5%, respectively. Compared to the previous studies, the current method of preparing high-purity oleoylethanolamide is more effective and economically feasible. The scalability and ease for such synthesis make it possible to study the biological and nutritional functions of the cannabinoid-like oleoylethanolamide in animal or human subjects.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=fshn_ag_pubs

Synthesis of Oleoylethanolamide Using Lipase

Biodiesel is generally defined as the mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from transesterification of agricultural lipids with a short-chain alcohol. Biodiesel must conform to fuel property specifications such as those outlined in the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 6751 or the European Committee for Standardization EN 14214 (ASTM, 2008b; CEN, 2003). Although the most common form of biodiesel in the U. S. is made from soybean oil, many other types of lipid feedstocks have been developed. Biodiesel is compatible with compression-ignition (diesel) engines. It may be utilized in neat (100%) form or in blends with conventional diesel fuel (petrodiesel). Biodiesel has been applied as an alternative fuel in transportation trucks, farm and other off-road vehicles, automobiles, locomotives, aircraft, power generators, boilers and heaters. The advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel as an alternative diesel fuel have been efficiently documented (Erhan et al., 2008; Graboski & McCormick, 1998; Knothe & Dunn, 2001, 2005). One major disadvantage is the performance of biodiesel in cold weather which may compromise its year-round commercial viability in moderate temperature climates. Although field studies on cold weather performance are scarce, there is evidence that soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SME) develop operability issues as ambient temperatures approach 0-2oC. In contrast, petrodiesel develops similar problems at a significantly lower temperature range, typically between -16 and -20oC. This chapter examines fractionation as an effective process step that may be applied to improve the properties and performance of biodiesel and its blends in petrodiesel during cold weather. This technology is based on separating biodiesel into lowand high-melting point fractions. Unless otherwise noted, the term alkyl esters refers to fatty acid alkyl esters which may specifically include fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), ethyl esters, propyl esters, etc. Similarly, the term petrodiesel refers to petroleum middle distillate fuel, either grade No. 1 or No. 2, as defined in ASTM fuel standard D 975 (ASTM, 2008a).

/pdf/improving-the-cold-flow-properties-of-biodiesel-by-10qdyg24rm.pdf

Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by Fractionation

The invention relates to a preparation and separation method of docosapentaenoic acid methyl ester and docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester. Microalgae oil is used as raw material to prepare docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid which are mixed with fatty acid to prepare the docosapentaenoic acid methyl ester and the docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester. The separation method of the the docosapentaenoic acid methyl ester and the docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester provided by the method adopts a silver nitrate column method of separating. In the silver nitrate column method, the quality of the methyl ester sample introduction of the mixed fatty acid is 0.5 percent to 10 percent of the quality of filled silver nitrate blangel; elution gradient is n-hexane solution containing acetone the content of which is 0.5 percent to 15 percent; the elution speed is 0.5 to 5ml/min. The preparation and separation method utilizes the silver nitrate column method to obtain the high purity docosapentaenoic acid methyl ester and the high purity docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester, wherein, the content of DPA is raised from 20.32 percent in raw oil to 99.61 percent, the content of DHA is raised from 44.83 percent to 99.02 percent, and the yield rate by using the silver nitrate column method can reach more than 90 percent.

Process for preparing and separating methyl docosapentaenoate and methyl docosahexenoate

The invention discloses a method using microalgae oil to produce mixed fatty acid of docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. A urea adduct method is used to remove saturated fatty acid to obtain high-purity docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The crystallization temperature in the urea adduct method of the invention is between minus 20 and 20 DEG C, the use amount of urea is 1to 10 times of crude fatty acid, the use amount of alcohol is 3 to 10 times of the crude fatty acid, thus the high-purity docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid can be obtained. Through the further urea adduct operation, the mass content of DPA in the raw material microalgae oil is improved to 28.01 percent from 20.32 percent, the mass content of DHA is improved to 64.46 percent from 44.83 percent, the total mass content of the DPA and the DHA reaches more than 92 percent of the product, and the yield of the DPA and the DHA also respectively reaches more than 85 percent. The product can be used to produce drugs and health-care food.

Method for producing docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid mixed fatty acid from micro-algae oil

The separation and purification of linoleic acid (LA) from sunflower seed oil by urea complex fractionation was studied. Crystallization reaction conditions of urea inclusion were optimized using the response surface method, and the optimal model was developed. Using the linear weighting method of the fitting model for optimization, the optimal balance between the purity and the recovery of LA was obtained. Under optimal conditions, the purity of LA was 87.8%, and the recovery was 83.4% at a urea-to-fatty acids ratio (w/w) of 0.94, 95% ethanol-to-urea (v/w) of 5.00, a crystallization temperature of 18.0 °C, and a crystallization time of 5.0 h. Verification results revealed that the predicted values from these models were reasonably close to the experimentally observed values.

Optimizing Conditions for the Purification of Linoleic Acid from Sunflower Oil by Urea Complex Fractionation

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Process for preparing and separating methyl docosapentaenoate and methyl docosahexenoate

Method for producing docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid mixed fatty acid from micro-algae oil

Optimizing Conditions for the Purification of Linoleic Acid from Sunflower Oil by Urea Complex Fractionation