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Hydraulic Control Systems

Additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing has introduced a novel production method in design, manufacturing, and distribution to end-users. This technology has provided great freedom in design for creating complex components, highly customizable products, and efficient waste minimization. The last industrial revolution, namely industry 4.0, employs the integration of smart manufacturing systems and developed information technologies. Accordingly, AM plays a principal role in industry 4.0 thanks to numerous benefits, such as time and material saving, rapid prototyping, high efficiency, and decentralized production methods. This review paper is to organize a comprehensive study on AM technology and present the latest achievements and industrial applications. Besides that, this paper investigates the sustainability dimensions of the AM process and the added values in economic, social, and environment sections. Finally, the paper concludes by pointing out the future trend of AM in technology, applications, and materials aspects that have the potential to come up with new ideas for the future of AM explorations.

/pdf/the-potential-of-additive-manufacturing-in-the-smart-factory-5gfoxv04tc.pdf

The Potential of Additive Manufacturing in the Smart Factory Industrial 4.0: A Review

Progress in enhancement of CO2 absorption by nanofluids: A mini review of mechanisms and current status

Hydrogen energy has become an important research area worldwide for environmental-friendly and sustainable energy development. A large number of studies can be found in the literature regarding the development of novel functional catalysts for hydrogen production from various reactions such as hydrocarbon reforming, water gas shift reaction, and water decomposition reaction. Due to the unique surface and electronic properties of molybdenum carbide, it has been attracted more and more attentions as a potential catalyst. This article reviews the latest research progress on the molybdenum carbide catalyst for hydrogen production. Two main parts are included in this review: preparation of molybdenum carbide and application of it in hydrogen production technology. In the first part, various molybdenum carbide preparation methods and the strategies to modify the physicochemical properties of molybdenum carbide are described. It is concluded that solid-solid reaction method could provide high surface area and the synthesis process is relatively easy and safe. Furthermore, the addition of second metal could increase molybdenum carbide surface area and adjust catalyst surface electronic condition. In the second part, the applications of molybdenum carbide based catalysts for various reactions for hydrogen production are described. The catalytic activity, stability, and deactivation and reaction mechanism over molybdenum carbide catalyst are critically reviewed and discussed. It indicates that molybdenum carbide should be an alternative catalyst with high efficiency for hydrogen production.

Molybdenum carbide as alternative catalyst for hydrogen production – A review

Conventional hydraulic actuators in aircraft systems are high maintenance and more vulnerable to high temperatures and pressures. This usually leads to high operating costs and low efficiency. With the rapid development of More/All Electric technology, power-by-wire actuators are being broadly employed to improve the maintainability, reliability, and manoeuvrability of future aircraft. This paper reviews the published application and development of the airborne linear electromechanical actuator. First, the general configuration, merits, and limitations of the gear-drive electromechanical actuator and the direct-drive electromechanical actuator are analysed. Second, the development state of the electromechanical actuator testing systems is elaborated in three aspects, namely the performance testing based on room temperature, testing in a thermal vacuum environment, and iron bird. Common problems and tendencies of the testing systems are summarized. Key technologies and research challenges are revealed in t...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0954406217749869

A review of electromechanical actuators for More/All Electric aircraft systems:

Evaluation of Process Parameters of ECDM Using Grey Relational Analysis

Many antibiotics are administered as intravenous infusions in the clinic, especially in intensive care units. Anti-infective drug discovery companies develop clinical candidates that are intended to be administered as i.v. infusions in the clinic. ABSTRACT The neutropenic mouse infection model is extensively used to characterize the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of anti-infective agents. However, it is difficult to evaluate agents following intravenous (i.v.) infusions using this model. Furthermore, in many drug discovery programs, lead identification and optimization is performed in rats, and pharmacology is performed in mice. Alternative models of infection are needed for robust predictions of PK/PD in humans. The rat is an alternative model of infection which can overcome the shortcomings of the mouse model. However, the rat neutropenic thigh infection (NTI) model has not been adequately characterized for evaluation of the PK/PD of anti-infectives. The aim of this study was to characterize the PK/PD of ciprofloxacin against bacterial pathogens in a rat NTI model. We studied the PK/PD relationships of ciprofloxacin against wild-type Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in neutropenic Wistar rats following administration of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg as single intravenous boluses and 30- and 60-min infusions. The PK/PD of ciprofloxacin against all four pathogens was AUC/MIC dependent and independent of the duration of administration at 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg. At human-equivalent rat doses, the PK/PD targets of ciprofloxacin achieved in rats for microbiological cure were similar to those reported in human patients. The neutropenic rat thigh infection model can be used to evaluate anti-infective agents intended to be administered as infusions in the clinic, and it complements the mouse model, increasing the robustness of PK/PD predictions in humans. IMPORTANCE Many antibiotics are administered as intravenous infusions in the clinic, especially in intensive care units. Anti-infective drug discovery companies develop clinical candidates that are intended to be administered as i.v. infusions in the clinic. However, there are no well-characterized models with which they can evaluate the PK/PD of the candidates following i.v. infusions. The neutropenic rat thigh infection model reported in this study helps in evaluating anti-infective agents that are intended to be administered as i.v. infusions in the clinic. The rat model is useful for simulating the clinical conditions for i.v. infusions for treatment of infections, such as acute bacterial skin and skin structure, lung, and urinary tract infections. This model is predictive of efficacy in humans and can serve as an additional confirmatory model, along with the mouse model, for determining the proof of concept and for making robust predictions of efficacy in humans.

Neutropenic Rat Thigh Infection Model for Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Anti-Infectives

In this study, Euplectella aspergillum based thin tubes is modeled to increase the energy absorption performance. Two bio-inspired lattice structures are incorporated into the circular cross-section thin tubes. The study aims to obtain shorter wave folding and reduce the difference between peak crushing force (PCF) and mean crushing force (MCF). The modeled tubes have multi-cellular thin walls and lattice sandwich thin walls. All the tubes are tested under high-impact axial and varying oblique loading cases using finite element modeling (FEM). The study shows mainly local buckling behavior with the number of folding, fluctuation in energy absorption, and axisymmetric deformation dependent on the length, height of the unit cells, and type of loading. A parametric study shows the possibility of engineering the crashworthiness based on the unit cell design parameters. Furthermore, the experimental validation of the FEM results is carried out with the selective laser melting (SLM) process fabricated bionic tubes of Al–Si10–Mg alloy. The FEM and experimental results showed good agreement. Bionic tubes offer potential applications in advanced automobile crash boxes and lightweight structure designs. 

Design of Euplectella aspergillum based bionic thin tubes for impact absorbing application under different loading conditions

Experimental and predictive modelling in dry micro-drilling of titanium alloy using Ti–Al–N coated carbide tools

Control of Velocity-Constrained Stepper Motor-Driven Hilare Robot for Waypoint Navigation

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