http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~julia/papers/Scherer03.pdf

Vocal communication of emotion: a review of research paradigms

Many authors have speculated about a close relationship between vocal expression of emotions and musical expression of emotions. but evidence bearing on this relationship has unfortunately been lacking. This review of 104 studies of vocal expression and 41 studies of music performance reveals similarities between the 2 channels concerning (a) the accuracy with which discrete emotions were communicated to listeners and (b) the emotion-specific patterns of acoustic cues used to communicate each emotion. The patterns are generally consistent with K. R. Scherer's (1986) theoretical predictions. The results can explain why music is perceived as expressive of emotion, and they are consistent with an evolutionary perspective on vocal expression of emotions. Discussion focuses on theoretical accounts and directions for future research.

/pdf/communication-of-emotions-in-vocal-expression-and-music-2to7fzkqnc.pdf

Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance: different channels, same code?

http://www.ffri.hr/~ibrdar/komunikacija/seminari/Ververidis,%202006%20-%20Emotional%20speech%20recognition.pdf

Emotional speech recognition: Resources, features, and methods

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~julia/papers/gobl03.pdf

The role of voice quality in communicating emotion, mood and attitude

This paper introduces a first approach to emotion recognition using RAMSES, the UPC’s speech recognition system The approach is based on standard speech recognition technology using hidden semi-continuous Markov models Both the selection of low level features and the design of the recognition system are addressed Results are given on speaker dependent emotion recognition using the Spanish corpus of INTERFACE Emotional Speech Synthesis Database The accuracy recognising seven different emotions—the six ones defined in MPEG-4 plus neutral style—exceeds 80% using the best combination of low level features and HMM structure This result is very similar to that obtained with the same database in subjective evaluation by human judges Dealing with the speaker’s emotion is one of the latest challenges in speech technologies Three different aspects can be easily identified: speech recognition in the presence of emotional speech, synthesis of emotional speech, and emotion recognition In this last case, the objective is to determine the emotional state of the speaker out of the speech samples Possible applications include from help to psychiatric diagnosis to intelligent toys, and is a subject of recent but rapidly growing interest [1] This paper describes the TALP researchers first approach to emotion recognition The work is inserted in the scope of the INTERFACE project [2] The objective of this European Commission sponsored project is “to define new models and implement advanced tools for audio-video analysis, synthesis and representation in order to provide essential technologies for the implementation of large-scale virtual and augmented environments The work is oriented to make man-machine interaction as natural as possible, based on everyday human communication by speech, facial expressions and body gestures” In the field of emotion recognition out of speech, the main goal of the INTERFACE project will be the construction of a real-time multi-lingual speaker independent emotion recogniser For this purpose, large speech databases with recordings from many speakers and languages are needed As these resources are not available yet, a reduced problem will be addressed first: emotion recognition in multi-speaker language dependent conditions Namely, this paper deals with the recognition of emotion for two Spanish speakers using standard hidden Markov models technology

/pdf/speech-emotion-recognition-using-hidden-markov-models-2rpxsup4p9.pdf

Speech emotion recognition using hidden Markov models

The authors have proposed a method of generating synthetic speech with emotion by creating three copora of emotional speech for use with CHATR [1][2], the concatenative speech synthesis system developed at ATR [3][4]. The corpora express joy, anger and sadness. For the previous trial, speech corpora were made with female voice. Having added speech corpora of male voice, the authors developed a prototype of a speech synthesis system with emotion, “CHATAKO,” which works on a notebook PC in Japanese language environment. The ultimate goal of this system is to assist people with communication problems. In this paper, first, design principles are stated, followed by system configuration and the evaluation on the synthetic speech with emotion generated by our method.

/pdf/a-speech-synthesis-system-with-emotion-for-assisting-2h7mj40rgl.pdf

A Speech Synthesis System with Emotion for Assisting Communication

This paper proposes three corpora of emotional speech in Japanese that maximize the expression of each emotion (expressing joy, anger, and sadness) for use with CHATR, the concatenative speech synthesis system being developed at ATR. A perceptual experiment was conducted using the synthesized speech generated from each emotion corpus and the results proved to be significantly identifiable. Authors’ current work is to identify the local acoustic features relevant for specifying a particular emotion type. F0 and duration showed significant differences among emotion types. AV (amplitude of voicing source) and GN (glottal noise) also showed differences. This paper reports on the corpus design, the perceptual experiment, and the results of the acoustic analysis.

Acoustic nature and perceptual testing of corpora of emotional speech.

This paper proposes a novel system called “Kirifuki” which has an ability of operating a computer by breathing in and blowing out. The principle of this system is as follows; the computer screen is projected onto the physical desk, and when the user blows onto it, the open visual objects on the screen can be manipulated by breathing without using hands and any of physical pointing devices. In this paper, we describe our prototype system and demonstrate its application sub-systems which especially applied to entertainment fields.

/pdf/kirifuki-inhaling-and-exhaling-interaction-with-visual-1ssyqcd7y9.pdf

Kirifuki: Inhaling and Exhaling Interaction with Visual Objects

Study of Emotion in Speech: Findings from Perceptual Experiments

A new concept of "Attachable Computer" is proposed for the purpose of augmenting the use of daily artifacts by fit-up type small computer devices which can be directly attached on user interfaces of the artifacts. Attachable Computer is a small computer device which can recognize situations on the user interface of electric household appliances such as a light switch or a display panel of video tape recorder by a small sensor and a simple image recognition technique. We have designed a prototype system which can control a computer system by manipulating the user interface of real world artifacts. The system consists of a portable micro computer and small sensors such as a photo-sensor or a CCD camera. By attaching the computer device directly to the user interface of artifacts, situations on the user interface of artifacts are captured by sensors, and recognized through a simple image recognition technique.

Attachable computer: augmentation of electric household appliances by fit-up computer

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