Salinity is a key factor driving the nitrogen cycling in the mangrove sediment.

Rhizospheric fungi play major roles in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. However, little is known about the determinants of their diversity and biogeographic patterns. Here, we compared fungal communities in rhizosphere and bulk soils of wheat fields in the North China Plain. The rhizosphere had a lower fungal diversity (observed OTUs and Chao1) than bulk soil, and a distinct fungal community structure in rhizosphere compared with bulk soil. The relative importance of environmental factors and geographic distance for fungal distribution differed between rhizosphere and bulk soil. Environmental factors were the primary cause of variations in total fungal community and major fungal phyla in bulk soil. By contrast, fungal communities in soils loosely attached to roots were predictable from both environmental factors and influences of geographic distance. Communities in soils tightly attached to roots were mainly determined by geographic distance. Our results suggest that both contemporary environment processes (present-day abiotic and biotic environment characters) and historical processes (spatial isolation, dispersal limitation occurred in the past) dominate variations of fungal communities in wheat fields, but their relative importance of all these processes depends on the proximity of fungal community to the plant roots.

Environment and geographic distance differ in relative importance for determining fungal community of rhizosphere and bulk soil

To unravel the ecological function played by pioneer plants in the practical restoration of mine tailings, it is vital to explore changes of soil characteristics and microbial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil following the adaptation and survival of plants. In the present study, the diversity and structure of rhizospheric bacterial communities of three pioneer plants in copper mine tailings were investigated by Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and the effects of pioneer plants on soil properties were also evaluated. Significant soil improvement was detected in rhizospheric samples, and Alnus cremastogyne showed higher total organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus than two other herbaceous plants. Microbial diversity indices in rhizosphere and bulk soil of reclaimed tailings were significantly higher than bare tailings, even the soil properties of bulk soil in reclaimed tailings were not significantly different from those of bare tailings. A detailed taxonomic composition analysis demonstrated that Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes showed significantly higher relative abundance in rhizosphere and bulk soil. In contrast, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes were abundant in bare tailings, in which Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Lactococcus made up the majority of the bacterial community (63.04%). Many species within known heavy metal resistance and nutrient regulatory microorganism were identified in reclaimed tailings, and were more abundant among rhizospheric microbes. Hierarchical clustering and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) analysis demonstrated that the bacterial profiles in the rhizosphere clustered strictly together according to plant types, and were distinguishable from bulk soil. However, we also identified a large shared OTUs that occurred repeatedly and was unaffected by highly diverse soil properties in rhizosphere and bulk samples. Redundancy analysis indicated that water content and Cu and As concentrations were the main environmental regulators of microbial composition. These results suggest that the interactive effect of pioneer plants and harsh soil environmental conditions remodel the specific bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil in mine tailings. And A. cremastogyne might be approximate candidate for phytoremediation of mine tailings for better soil amelioration effect and relative higher diversity of bacterial community in rhizosphere.

Restoration with pioneer plants changes soil properties and remodels the diversity and structure of bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil of copper mine tailings in Jiangxi Province, China

https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11325

Sediment microbiomes associated with the rhizosphere of emergent macrophytes in a shallow, subtropical lake

Temperature and salinity drive comammox community composition in mangrove ecosystems across southeastern China.

Salinity and macrophyte drive the biogeography of the sedimentary bacterial communities in a brackish water tropical coastal lagoon.

Coastal lagoons are represented by steep gradients in physical, chemical, and biological parameters and are regarded as one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. These lagoons are at an intermediate position between the freshwater and marine water systems. Huge amount of influx of organic matter and nutrient load with the freshwater inputs can be seen in such lagoons. The increased influx of organic matter and nutrients fuel in the lagoon increases the chance of eutrophication. The sedimentary microbial communities play an important role in preventing eutrophication by supporting a diverse assemblage of aerobic and anaerobic microbial communities. Considering the importance of sedimentary bacterial communities, numerous studies have investigated their ecological roles and biogeographical patterns in a variety of aquatic ecosystems. Compared to the marine and freshwater ecosystems, estuarine coastal lagoons are highly dynamic, still are poorly understood with respect to their sedimentary communities. Our hypothesis was that bacterial communities would exhibit biogeographical patterns which would be strongly associated with the biotic and abiotic factors. Using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes from bulk surface sediments, we investigated the sedimentary bacterial communities, their spatiotemporal distribution, and compared them with the rhizosphere sediment communities of an exotic weed; P. karka and a native seagrass species; H. uninervis in a brackish water estuarine lagoon, Chilika (India). Comparison of bacterial communities with the environmental factor was done using Redundancy analysis. Spatiotemporal patterns in bacterial communities were linked to specific biotic factors (e.g., presence and type of macrophyte) and abiotic factors (e.g., salinity) that drove the community composition. Comparative assessment of communities highlighted bacterial lineages that were responsible for segregating the sediment communities over distinct salinity regimes, seasons, locations, and presence and type of macrophytes. Several bacterial taxa were specific to one of these ecological factors suggesting that species-sorting processes drive specific biogeographical patterns in the bacterial populations. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics and functionality of sedimentary bacterial communities in a tropical brackish water coastal lagoon and highlighted the role of biotic and abiotic factors in generating the biogeographical patterns in the bacterial communities. Citation: Behera, P., Mahapatra, S., Mohapatra, M., Kim, J.Y., Adhya, T.K., Raina, V., Suar, M., Pattnaik, A.K. and Rastogi, G. Salinity and macrophyte drive the biogeography of the sedimentary bacterial communities in a brackish water coastal lagoon [Abstract]. In: Abstracts of the NGBT conference; Oct 02-04, 2017; Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India: Can J biotech, Volume 1, Special Issue, Page 133. https://doi.org/10.24870/cjb.2017-a119

http://www.canadianjbiotech.com/CAN_J_BIOTECH/Archives/v1/Special Issue/cjb.2017-a119.pdf

Salinity and macrophyte drive the biogeography of the sedimentary bacterial communities in a brackish water coastal lagoon

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Salinity and macrophyte drive the biogeography of the sedimentary bacterial communities in a brackish water tropical coastal lagoon.

Salinity and macrophyte drive the biogeography of the sedimentary bacterial communities in a brackish water coastal lagoon