Aim: This pilot study aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the red-free (green) filter as a novel modification for better iridocorneal angle visibility during routine gonioscopy. Methods: As a pilot project, we observed 20 eyes of 10 patients aged 22 to 60 who attended the glaucoma department of a tertiary eye hospital in Bangladesh. All patients underwent a thorough ocular examination, from best-corrected visual acuity to the dilated fundus evaluation. Images and videos were obtained with a smartphone during gonioscopy with standard halogen light and the red-free (green) filter, subjectively analyzed by two glaucoma specialists. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37 ± 13.42 years, of whom 70% were men. In this study, 40% of the patients had open-angle glaucoma, and 60% had open-angle without glaucoma. Without impairing the ability to see the iridocorneal angle structures in detail, the gonioscopy picture contrast was enhanced objectively for red-free filter images compared to standard light photos. The built-in warm filter of the slit-lamp also provided better visualization of the iridocorneal angle structures. Conclusion: Using the red-free (green) filter and a warm filter instead of the traditionally used standard light of the slit-lamp may significantly enhance the diagnostic capability during routine gonioscopy. 

Red-Free (Green) Filter-Enhanced Gonioscopy with Smartphone: A Pilot Study

—Authentication acts as a secured method of usability concepts to certain transactions, especially for online banking transaction. Existing method is lacking in terms of usability, thus, making the goal of usability for authentication activities unsuccessful. A study has discovered some key concepts of usability in terms of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) by comparing two existing models of two different factors: environmental factors and display factors. An algorithm shows the authentication step during the online transaction activity. This paper is to prove that shoulder-surfing resistant authentication scheme that uses visual colour-blind mode-based model meets all the requirements of usability, hence, achieved the goal of usability of authentication. This study will bring forward an algorithm that examined the stated authentication scheme with the two factors, i.e environmental and display, during the authentication activity.

Associating User’s Preference and Satisfaction into Quality of Experience: A Shoulder-surfing Resistant Authentication Scheme by Visual Perception

The authors reviewed perioperative ocular complications and implications of ocular diseases during nonocular surgeries. Exposure keratopathy, the most common perioperative eye injury, is preventable. Ischemic optic neuropathy, the leading cause of perioperative blindness, has well-defined risk factors. The incidence of ischemic optic neuropathy after spine fusion, but not cardiac surgery, has been decreasing. Central retinal artery occlusion during spine fusion surgery can be prevented by protecting eyes from compression. Perioperative acute angle closure glaucoma is a vision-threatening emergency that can be successfully treated by rapid reduction of elevated intraocular pressure. Differential diagnoses of visual dysfunction in the perioperative period and treatments are detailed. Although glaucoma is increasingly prevalent and often questions arise concerning perioperative anesthetic management, evidence-based recommendations to guide safe anesthesia care in patients with glaucoma are currently lacking. Patients with low vision present challenges to the anesthesia provider that are becoming more common as the population ages. The authors review the essential material that anesthesia providers need to be aware of for safe conduct of anesthesia in patients with eye diseases or at risk to develop complications affecting the eye during nonocular surgeries.

Perioperative Care of the Patient with Eye Pathologies Undergoing Nonocular Surgery

In this report, we have utilized a smartphone-based innovative tool named anterior segment photography with an intraocular lens (ASPI) with a cobalt blue filter on the smartphone flash for photographing fluorescein-stained corneas. An intraocular lens along with a cobalt blue filter was attached to the smartphone camera to achieve this purpose. The filter could block out all wavelengths of light except the blue wavelength (450–490 nm) emerging from the smartphone camera. A pilot study was conducted on 27 eyes of 25 patients where images of various corneal pathologies were obtained using ASPI blue light imaging. The images were clear and highly magnified and could be used for documentation, teleconsultation for expert opinion, education, and monitoring of disease progression. ASPI-aided blue light imaging could be easily fabricated and is a frugal inexpensive device, which is used by different ophthalmic personnel to obtain fluorescein-stained corneal images.

Smartphone co-aided cobalt blue anterior segment with intraocular lens photography

Gonioscopy is an important part of glaucoma diagnosis and management. Imaging and documentation of the anterior chamber angle has been previously performed using slit-lamp assisted photography or using smartphones with or without an attached macrolens. Smartphones have transformed ophthalmic imaging by virtue of their availability, easy use and portability. In this report the authors aim to demonstrate gonio-imaging using a smartphone attached with an intraocular lens which behaves like a macrolens. With the patient in sitting position or in the supine position, a goniolens is placed on the patient's cornea. A smartphone with a 10D intraocular lens attachment over its camera is used to take images or videos of the anterior chamber angle with high magnification. This imaging modality is cost effective and can be used for screening and photographic documentation of the angle and can be of immense benefit especially in primary health care centres.

Smartphone Gonioscopy with a Magnifying Intraocular Lens - A Cost-Effective Angle Imaging Device.

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Smartphone Gonioscopy with a Magnifying Intraocular Lens - A Cost-Effective Angle Imaging Device.