The concept of an object-oriented database programming language (OODBPL) is appealing because it has the potential of combining the advantages of object orientation and database programming to yield a powerful and universal programming language design. A uniform and consistent combination of object orientation and database programming, however, is not straightforward. Since one of the main components of an object-oriented programming language is its type system, one of the first problems that arises during an OODBPL design is related to the development of a uniform, consistent, and theoretically sound type system that is sufficiently expressive to satisfy the combined needs of object orientation and database programming.The purpose of this article is to answer two questions: "What are the requirements that a modern type system for an object-oriented database programming language should satisfy?" and "Are there any type systems developed to-date that satisfy these requirements?". In order to answer the first question, we compile the set of requirements that an OODBPL type system should satisfy. We then use this set of requirements to evaluate more than 30 existing type systems. The result of this extensive analysis shows that while each of the requirements is satisfied by at least one type system, no type system satisfies all of them. It also enables identification of the mechanisms that lie behind the strengths and weaknesses of the current type systems.

https://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~duane/publications/pdf/2002acm.pdf

On type systems for object-oriented database programming languages

In a call-by-value language, representing objects as recursive records requires using an unsafe fixpoint. We design, for a core language including extensible records, a type system which rules out unsafe recursion and still supports the reconstruction of a principal type. We illustrate by means of various examples the expressive power of this language with respect to object-oriented programming constructs.

/pdf/the-recursive-record-semantics-of-objects-revisited-4st7ya97ko.pdf

The Recursive Record Semantics of Objects Revisited

This paper presents a polymorphic type inference algorithm for a small subset of JavaScript. The goal is to prevent accessing undefined members of objects. We define a type system that allows explicit extension of objects through add operation and implicit extension through method calls. The type system also permits strong updates and unrestricted extensions to new objects. The type inference algorithm is modular so that each function definition is only analyzed once and larger programs can be checked incrementally.

/pdf/polymorphic-type-inference-for-scripting-languages-with-ugsop3tlb2.pdf

Polymorphic type inference for scripting languages with object extensions

Most mainstream object-oriented languages, like C++, Java and C#, are statically typed. In recent years, untyped languages, in particular scripting languages for the web, have gained a lot of popularity notwithstanding the fact that the advantages of static typing, such as earlier detection of errors, are widely accepted. We think that one of the main reasons for their widespread adoption is that, in many situations, the ability of ignoring types can be handy to write simpler and more readable code.We propose an extension of Java-like languages which allows developers to forget about typing in strategic places of their programs without losing type-safety. That is, we allow programmers to write simpler code without sacrificing the advantages of static typing. This is achieved by means of inferred type constraints. These constraints describe the implicit requirements on untyped code to be correctly invoked.This flexibility comes at a cost: field accesses and method invocations on objects of unknown types are less efficient than regular field accesses and method invocations. Also, our type system is currently more restrictive than it should be; its extension is the subject of ongoing work. However, the novel approach presented here is quite interesting on its own, as it supports separate compilation and there is zero runtime overhead on code which does not take advantage of the new features.

/pdf/introducing-safe-unknown-types-in-java-like-languages-zhr7g03ndd.pdf

Introducing safe unknown types in Java-like languages

https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/18250/000727461.pdf?sequence=1

Inference rules for generic code migration of aspect-oriented programs

A polymorphic, constraint-based type inference algorithm for an object-oriented language is defined. A generalized form of type, polymorphic recursively constrained types, are inferred. These types...

Sound polymorphic type inference for objects

Important strides toward developing expressive yet semantically sound type systems for object-oriented programming languages have recently been made by Cook, Bruce, Mitchell, and others. This paper...

Application of OOP type theory

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Sound polymorphic type inference for objects

Application of OOP type theory