The frustration-aggression theorists generally posit aggression based on the influence of negative emotion or affect. Recently, investigation on the principles that influence the tendencies for aggressive responses play out in the mediating pathway, with the context that negative affect may or may not directly lead to aggression. Within the exploration at modifying the frustration-aggression concept, emotional regulation is an identified mechanism that buffers aggression resulting from negative emotional experiences. In turn, this has challenged the traditional frustration-aggression theory that indicates frustration (negative affect) does not always lead to aggression, in the case where the intense emotion from the relevant external situation has a chance to be modulated. However, little studies have documented the role of emotional regulation on negative affect and aggression. Therefore, this paper presents the nature of negative affect and emotional regulation strategies on aggression, while relating their pathway based on the contemporary General Aggression Model (GAM). We utilised the Google Scholar as the database in locating the relevant articles, with the terms focused on “Emotional Regulation” AND “Negative Affect” OR “Negative Mood” OR “Negative Emotion” AND “Aggression”. Reviews on the past studies that have investigated the role of emotional regulation on the relationship between aspects of negative affect and aggression are also discussed.  Emotional regulation has been consistently identified as an important mechanism that mediates the effect on negative emotional state on aggressive behaviours. Future studies are suggested to further investigate the inherent strategies of emotional regulation and taps into different forms of negative affect, besides anger, on aggression.

Emotional regulation on negative affect and aggression: a review

Anger is a topic that requires intervention from teachers, counsellors, psychologists, parents, and all communities. The expressions of anger are subjective and sometimes hard to identify. Thus, anger should be measured more objectively, while the expressions need to be examined closely. The purpose of this study is to provide valid confirmation for development of an online instrument to measure the types of anger expression among adolescents. Data were collected from 935 adolescents from nine schools in northern Malaysia and the theoretical literature search. The data were analysed to provide evidence of construct validity in terms of item factor analysis, reliability estimates, and correlation between the types of anger expressions. Findings were used to develop an online Adolescent Anger Instrument. It measures five types of anger expressions, namely, physical, verbal, intrinsic, extrinsic, and passive. The results showed that the instrument is internally consistent with high evidence of construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis, with varimax rotation, suggested the existence of five distinct types of anger as conceptualised. Meanwhile, the correlation between types of anger expressions indicates the strength of the relationship between them. Discussions on the findings are provided, while suggestions for future research are also described.

/pdf/psychometric-properties-of-online-adolescent-anger-2k3t398y.pdf

Psychometric Properties of Online Adolescent Anger Instrument

....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 Trait Anger and Relational Aggression .......................................................................... 3 Emotion Regulation ........................................................................................................ 5 Emotion Regulation and Relational Aggression ............................................................. 6 General Negative Affect ................................................................................................. 7 The Present Study ........................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER II – METHOD................................................................................................ 10 Participants .................................................................................................................... 10 Instruments .................................................................................................................... 10 Demographic Questionnaire ..................................................................................... 10 Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) ................................................... 10 Self-Report of Aggression and Social Behavior Measure (SRASBM) .................... 11 Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire ...................................................................... 12 Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) .................................................... 12 Procedure ...................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER III RESULTS ............................................................................................... 14 v CHAPTER IV – DISCUSSION........................................................................................ 20 Trait Anger and Relational Aggression ........................................................................ 21 Emotion Regulation and Relational Aggression ........................................................... 22 Limitations and Future Directions ................................................................................ 25 APPENDIX A – STUDY QUESTIONNAIRES .............................................................. 27 Participant Demographic Questionnaire ................................................................... 27 Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale ................................................................. 27 Self-Report Measure of Aggression and Social Behavior Measure ......................... 28 Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire ...................................................................... 30 The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ............................................................. 31 APPENDIX B – IRB CONSENT FORM ......................................................................... 32 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 35

https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=masters_theses

The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship between Trait Anger and Relational Aggression

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The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship between Trait Anger and Relational Aggression