Microgreens, a hypothesized term used for the emerging food product that is developed from various commercial food crops, such as vegetables, grains, and herbs, consist of developed cotyledons along with partially expanded true leaves. These immature plants are harvested between 7–21 days (depending on variety). They are treasured for their densely packed nutrients, concentrated flavors, immaculate and tender texture as well as for their vibrant colors. In recent years, microgreens are on demand from high-end restaurant chefs and nutritional researchers due to their potent flavors, appealing sensory qualities, functionality, abundance in vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, folate, tocotrienols, phylloquinones, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, etc. These qualities attracted research attention for use in the field of human health and nutrition. Increasing public concern regarding health has prompted humans to turn to microgreens which show potential in the prevention of malnutrition, inflammation, and other chronic ailments. This article focuses on the applications of microgreens in the prevention of the non-communicable diseases that prevails in the current generation, which emerged due to sedentary lifestyles, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the people creating awareness to switch to the recently introduced category of vegetable and providing great value for the development of health-promoting diets with microgreens.

/pdf/microgreens-a-comprehensive-review-of-bioactive-molecules-uohyal6e.pdf

Microgreens—A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits

Knowledge of the role in cancer etiology of environmental exposures as pesticides is a prerequisite for primary prevention. We review 63 epidemiological studies on exposure to pesticides and cancer risk in humans published from 2017 to 2021, with emphasis on new findings, methodological approaches, and gaps in the existing literature. While much of the recent evidence suggests causal relationships between pesticide exposure and cancer, the strongest evidence exists for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and colorectal cancer (CRC), diseases in which the observed associations were consistent across several studies, including high‐quality prospective studies and those using biomarkers for exposure assessment, with some observing dose‐response relationships. Though high‐quality studies have been published since the IARC monograph on organophosphate insecticides in 2017, there are still gaps in the literature on carcinogenic evidence in humans for a large number of pesticides. To further knowledge, we suggest leveraging new techniques and methods to increase sensitivity and precision of exposure assessment, incorporate multi‐omics data, and investigate more thoroughly exposure to chemical mixtures. There is also a strong need for better and larger population‐based cohort studies that include younger and nonoccupationally exposed individuals, particularly during developmental periods of susceptibility. Though the existing evidence has limitations, as always in science, there is sufficient evidence to implement policies and regulatory action that limit pesticide exposure in humans and, hence, further prevent a significant burden of cancers.

/pdf/exposures-to-pesticides-and-risk-of-cancer-evaluation-of-3d86ogsu.pdf

Exposures to pesticides and risk of cancer: Evaluation of recent epidemiological evidence in humans and paths forward

http://www.thelancet.com/article/S2352396422004285/pdf

Genetic landscape of a large cohort of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: New genes and pathways and implications for personalized medicine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder that harms both the reproductive as well as metabolic health of women. In addition, PCOS is a leading symptom of infertility in women. Nevertheless, PCOS-afflicted women who are fortunate enough to become pregnant unfortunately have an increased risk of pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth, etc. Many people believe GDM disappears after childbirth, despite the fact that GDM is a warning symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). According to growing evidence, GDM complicates 40 % of PCOS pregnancies, suggesting that PCOS is a risk factor for GDM. Hence, PCOS is a lifelong disorder that can eventually lead to various long-term health complications, including chronic menstrual irregularity, infertility, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. Thus, it's an undeniable scientific fact that both PCOS and GDM are significantly associated with each other. However, most studies on the risk of GDM in PCOS patients are retrospective, hence inconclusive evidence exists as to whether PCOS per se is a risk factor for GDM or any other factor associated. Henceforth, we intend to get a better therapeutic perspective of the maternal health complications associated with PCOS and GDM. 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A novel therapeutic perspective.

Intake of fruits and vegetables according to pesticide residue status in relation to all-cause and disease-specific mortality: Results from three prospective cohort studies

Intake of fruits and vegetables by pesticide residue status in relation to cancer risk.

Summary Background Infertility has been associated with common chronic non-communicable diseases. However, the association of infertility with long-term mortality is unclear. Methods We followed 101,777 women aged 25–42 years at enrollment between 1989 and 2017. Biennial questionnaires updated participants’ infertility status and underlying reasons for infertility throughout their reproductive lifespan. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of infertility with the risk of premature mortality (death before age 70 years) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Findings During 28 years of follow-up, 2174 women died before age 70 years. Infertility was associated with an HR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.15 to 1.38) for premature death. This relation was largely driven by deaths from cancer (HR = 1.22, 1.08 to 1.39) and was stronger among women reporting infertility at a younger age (HR = 1.35, 1.19 to 1.52 for age ≤ 25 years; 1.23, 1.10 to 1.38 for age 26–30 years; and 1.10, 0.91 to 1.32 for age > 30 years, compared to no infertility). The premature mortality risk was also higher for women who didn't become pregnant after their first report of infertility (HR = 1.39, 1.25 to 1.54) than among women who reported at least one pregnancy after infertility (HR = 1.12, 1.00 to 1.26). When contributing diagnoses of infertility were evaluated, a greater risk of all-cause mortality was associated with infertility due to ovulatory disorders (HR = 1.28, 1.09 to 1.51) and endometriosis (HR = 1.50, 1.22 to 1.83). Interpretation Infertility may be associated with a greater risk of premature mortality, particularly cancer mortality. Funding The National Institutes of Health grants.

Association of infertility with premature mortality among US women: Prospective cohort study

Menstrual cycle dysfunction has been associated with many endocrine-related diseases, but evidence linking menstrual cycle dysfunction with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scant. The current study investigated the association of pre-pregnancy menstrual cycle regularity and length during adolescence, early adulthood and mid-adulthood with the subsequent risk of GDM. Between 1993 and 2009, we followed 10,906 premenopausal women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II who reported menstrual cycle characteristics during adolescence (age 14–17 years), early adulthood (age 18–22 years) and mid-adulthood (age 29–46 years). Incident GDM was ascertained from a self-reported questionnaire regarding physician diagnosis. Log-binomial models with generalised estimating equations were used to estimate the RRs and 95% CI for the associations between menstrual cycle characteristics and GDM. We documented 578 incident cases of GDM among 14,418 pregnancies over a 16 year follow-up. After adjusting for potential confounders, women reporting always having irregular menstrual cycles during mid-adulthood had a 65% (95% CI 21, 125%) higher risk of GDM than women reporting very regular cycles. GDM risk was also greater among women reporting that their cycles were usually ≥32 days during mid-adulthood, compared with women reporting cycles between 26 and 31 days (RR 1.42 [95% CI 1.15, 1.75]). The risk of GDM was greater for women whose cycles changed from regular early in their reproductive years to irregular or from <32 days to ≥32 days during mid-adulthood, compared with women whose cycles remained <32 days or regular, respectively. Women whose cycles were long or irregular during mid-adulthood, but not in adolescence or young adulthood, were at higher risk of GDM.

/pdf/pre-pregnancy-menstrual-cycle-regularity-and-length-and-the-41q2pw3lsu.pdf

Pre-pregnancy menstrual cycle regularity and length and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort study

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Intake of fruits and vegetables by pesticide residue status in relation to cancer risk.

Association of infertility with premature mortality among US women: Prospective cohort study

Pre-pregnancy menstrual cycle regularity and length and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort study