Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of Internet users. Thus, digital data has occupied the highest rank in our time, because most companies and governments adopt the total dependence for the transmission of their data transactions with customers and banking transactions over the World Wide Web. Therefore, total reliance on digital data needs to secure this data and preserve it from theft and modification in order to reach the intended user intact without distortion, and this is done by securing this data using encryption with its various techniques. There are many technologies that encrypt the data sent to the receiving party called encryption techniques. This research will examine the analysis of different encryption techniques, for example, symmetric cryptography technique and asymmetric cryptography techniques, Rivest Shamir and Adleman, Diffie-Hellman, Digital Signature Algorithm, (ECC) Elliptic curve cryptography, and how can employ them and explore the best methods of cryptography techniques that give complete confidential and transmitted data.

Review and Analysis of Cryptography Techniques

In this work, a format-compliant encryption method with the data embedding feature for JPEG compressed image is proposed. First, DC coefficients are encoded based on the regions induced by the textural information carried by AC coefficients. Second, AC coefficients are scanned in eight different orders and the order that results in the smallest bitstream size is selected. Next, AC coefficients from each block are extracted in the form of Run/Size and Value, and manipulated to significantly increase the scope of permutation. Then the virtual queue decomposition is proposed to embed external information. All the processes are completely reversible where the embedded information can be extracted and the original content can be perfectly reconstructed from its processed counterpart. The performance of the proposed method is verified through experiments using various standard test images and the UCID dataset. The proposed method is also compared against the conventional format-compliant encryption methods, where its superiority in terms of robustness against sketch attacks, suppression of bitstream size increment, and data embedding are highlighted. In the best case scenario, the proposed method is able to generate an encrypted image of the same size as the original image (e.g., 512×512) with more than 5800 bits of additionally embedded information while achieving a compression gain of 1%. HighlightsSignificantly increase the scope of permutation for DCT coefficients.Robust against sketch attacks.Offer extra feature of data embedding to format-compliant encryption.Design VQD (virtual queue decomposition) data representation scheme where carrier capacity can be increased without giving any impact to bitstream size.Design an adaptive scanning order to suppress the bitstream size increment.

Beyond format-compliant encryption for JPEG image

This paper deals with the tidings of cryptography in history, how it has played a vital role in World War -1, World War-2. It also deals with the Substitution, Transposition Cryptographic techniques and Steganography principles which can be used to maintain the confidentiality of computerized and none computerized information files. A number of well known techniques have been adapted for computer usage including the Ceaser cipher, Mono alphabetic cipher, Homophonic substitution, Bale cipher, Play fair cipher, Poly alphabetic cipher, Vigenere Cipher, Onetime pad cipher, Vernam ciphers, Play Color Cipher and usage of rotor machine in Substitutions, Rail fence technique, more complex permutations for more secure transposition and some Steganography principle were briefly discussed with merits and demerits. Finally it gives the broad knowledge on almost all the cryptographic and Steganography principles where a reader or scholar have lot of scope for updating or invention of more secure algorithms to fulfill the global needs in information security.

/pdf/a-survey-on-cryptography-and-steganography-methods-for-1smuk86nub.pdf

A Survey on Cryptography and Steganography Methods for Information Security

L'invention concerne un systeme d'authentification reciproque entre un terminal, par exemple un poste telephonique a prepaiement et une ligne de transmissionLe poste (2) est raccorde a la ligne (14) par l'intermediaire d'un dispositif de controle (18) Des circuits electroniques (18) et (12) sont associes aux dispositifs de controle et au poste pour elaborer pendant toute la communication des signaux de frequence d'authentification a des frequences non audibles

Systeme d'authentification analogique reciproque entre un terminal et une ligne de transmission

most influential and universal approach to countering the threats to network / information security is encryption. Even though it is very authoritative, the cryptanalysts are very intelligent and they were working day and night to break the ciphers. To make a stronger cipher it is recommended that to use: More stronger and complicated encryption algorithms, Keys with more number of bits (Longer keys), larger block size as input to process, use authentication and confidentiality and secure transmission of keys. It is certain that, if we follow all the mentioned principles, can make a very stronger cipher. With this we have the following problems: It is a time consuming process for both encryption and decryption, It is difficult for the crypt analyzer to analyze the problem. Also suffers with the problems in the existing system. The main intention of this paper is to present an innovative cryptographic Substitution method, can generate stronger cipher then the existing substitution algorithms. We are sure that concept is new and the cryptanalysis did on this will prove that the cipher is strong.

/pdf/a-block-cipher-generation-using-color-substitution-2kxutzjhsc.pdf

A Block Cipher Generation using Color Substitution

Cryptographic techniques and network security

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Cryptographic techniques and network security