Background Proprioception is important for stability of body segments, postural control, and functionality. However, there are no studies in literature showing effects of online Pilates exercises that create proprioceptive inputs on vertebra on trunk proprioception. Aims This study aims to reveal effect of online Pilates exercises conducted on trunk proprioception and core muscle endurance in healthy individuals. Methods We included thirty-three healthy individuals between ages of 18 and 25 in study. Individuals were randomly divided into two groups. There were 17 individuals in Pilates group (PG), and 16 individuals in control group (CG). The PG was given online Pilates exercises by the physiotherapist in groups 3 days a week for 6 weeks, 1 h a day. There was no exercise program recommended for individuals in CG. We evaluated trunk proprioception with an inclinometer, core muscle endurance with three core endurance tests created by McGill, and prone bridge tests. All evaluations completed just before start of study and 2 days after 6-week training. Results Two groups had similar demographic characteristics, and there was no difference between baseline measurements (p > 0.05). While improvement observed in PG in trunk proprioception and all of core muscle endurance tests (p 0.05). Conclusions We revealed that online Pilates exercises performed at mat level for 6 weeks in healthy individuals had positive effects on trunk proprioception and core muscle endurance with this study. Contribution of Pilates exercises to development of both muscular endurance and proprioceptive senses, even if performed at a distance, is important.

/pdf/an-online-pilates-exercise-program-is-effective-on-3bmow106he.pdf

An online pilates exercise program is effective on proprioception and core muscle endurance in a randomized controlled trial.

While force-velocity-power characteristics of resistance exercises, such as bench presses and squats, have been well documented, little attention has been paid to load, force, and power-velocity relationships in exercises engaging core muscles. Given that power produced during lifting tasks or trunk rotations plays an important role in most sport-specific and daily life activities, its measurement should represent an important part of the test battery in both athletes and the general population. The aim of this scoping review was 1) to map the literature related to testing methods assessing core muscle strength and stability in sport and rehabilitation, chiefly studies with particular focus on force-velocity-power characteristics of exercises involving the use of core muscles, 2) and to identify gaps in existing studies and suggest further research in this field. The literature search was conducted on Cochrane Library databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and MEDLINE, which was completed by SpringerLink, Google Scholar and Elsevier. The inclusion criteria were met in 37 articles. Results revealed that among a variety of studies investigating the core stability and core strength in sport and rehabilitation, only few of them analyzed force–velocity–power characteristics of exercises involving the use of core muscles. Most of them evaluated maximal isometric strength of the core and its endurance. However, there are some studies that assessed muscle power during lifting tasks at different loads performed either with free weights or using the Smith machine. Similarly, power and velocity were assessed during trunk rotations performed with different weights when standing or sitting. Nevertheless, there is still scant research investigating the power-velocity and force-velocity relationship during exercises engaging core muscles in able-bodied and para athletes with different demands on stability and strength of the core. Therefore, more research is needed to address this gap in the literature and aim research at assessing strength and power-related measures within cross-sectional and intervention studies. A better understanding of the power-force-velocity profiles during exercises with high demands on the core musculature has implications for designing sport training and rehabilitation programs for enhancement of athletes’ performance and/or decrease their risk of back pain.

/pdf/strength-and-power-related-measures-in-assessing-core-muscle-2i9vv7mo.pdf

Strength and Power-Related Measures in Assessing Core Muscle Performance in Sport and Rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE
In middle-aged individuals with early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA), follow-up with remote rehabilitation methods may provide effective clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of telerehabilitation (TR) on pain, function, performance, strength, proprioception, and psychosocial parameters in patients with knee OA.


DESIGN
A randomized controlled study was conducted with 54 participants with knee OA. All patients were randomized into two groups: the home-based telerehabilitation group (TRG) (n = 29) and the home-based paper group (PG) (n = 28). The home exercise program and training were provided with an instruction manual to PG. The same home exercise and education prescriptions were given to individuals in TRG via an online platform. Pain, function, quality of life, physical performance, muscle strength, and proprioception were evaluated at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention. In addition, satisfaction and usability were evaluated at week 8.


RESULTS
TRG demonstrated better improvement in terms of pain, function, quality of life index score, and left extremity proprioception (p < 0.05). TRG was not superior to PG in terms of muscle strength and performance tests (except the Five Times Sit to Stand Test) (p > 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The home-based TR program was superior to the home-based PG program for pain, function, quality of life, and proprioception in patients with knee OA.

The Effect of Telerehabilitation-Based Exercise and Education on Pain, Function, Strength, Proprioception and Psychosocial Parameters in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background Sensorimotor dysfunction is thought to occur following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury which may have implications on future reinjury risk. Dysfunction has been demonstrated within the efferent component of the sensorimotor system. However, no reviews have examined the two main components of the afferent system: the visual and somatosensory systems. Hypothesis/Purpose This study aimed to report differences in function (central processing and local processing) within the (1) somatosensory and (2) visual systems between individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and healthy controls (between-subject). The study also aimed to report differences in function within the two systems between the two limbs of an individual following ACLR (within-subject). Study Design Scoping review Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Medline and Embase up until September 2021. Level I-IV studies assessing somatosensory and visual systems were included if they compared ACLR limbs to the uninjured contralateral limb (within-subject) or a healthy control limb (between-group). The function of somatosensory and visual systems was assessed across both central processing (processing of information in the central cortex) and local processing (all other assessments outside of central processing of information). Results Seventy studies were identified (52 somatosensory, 18 visual). Studies examining somatosensory central processing demonstrated significant differences; 66% of studies exhibited within-subject differences and 100% of the studies exhibited between-group differences. Studies examining local somatosensory processing had mixed findings; 40% of the ‘joint position sense (JPS)’ and ‘threshold to detect motion (TTDM)’ studies showed significant within-subject differences (JPS=0.8°-3.8° and TTDPM=0.2°-1.4°) and 42% demonstrated significant between-group differences (JPS=0.4°-5° and TTDPM=0.3°-2.8°). Eighty-three percent of visual central processing studies demonstrated significant dysfunction between-groups with no studies assessing within-subject differences. Fifty percent of the studies examining local visual processing demonstrated a significant between-group difference. Conclusion Significant differences in central processing exist within somatosensory and visual systems following ACLR. There is mixed evidence regarding local somatosensory and visual processing. Increased compensation by the visual system and local visual processing dysfunction may occur in conjunction with somatosensory dysfunction.

Sensorimotor Dysfunction Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction- an Afferent Perspective: A Scoping Review

Some basic and instrumental daily living activities include backward gait. There is a need to clarify which parameters should be focused more on to improve backward gait in older individuals. This research investigated the proprioception, and balance in forward-backward gait of older individuals with total knee arthroplasty (TKA).A prospective cross-sectional research was conducted with 105 older adults with TKA. Individuals' forward and backward gait performance was assessed with the Timed Up & Go Test (TUG) and 3 Meter Walk Back Test (3MBWT), respectively. Proprioception was measured with a mobile application-based inclinometer. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) were used to assess balance and balance confidence levels, respectively. A single clinician evaluated the individuals.TUG was weakly and positively correlated with the Right and Left Leg Proprioception Test (RLPT and LLPT) (r1 = 0.386, r2 = 0.391, p < 0.01). Also, the 3MBWT was weakly and positively correlated with RLPT and LLPT, respectively (r1 = 0.293, r2 = 0.251, p < 0.01). In addition, TUG was strongly and negatively correlated with BBS and ABC, respectively (r1 = -0,693, r2 = -0.722, p < 0.01). Besides, 3MBWT was strongly and negatively correlated with BBS and ABC (r1 = -0.642, r2 = -0.645, p < 0.01).The study revealed that forward and backward walking were similarly associated with balance and proprioception in older adults with TKA. Clinicians should focus more on balance ability than proprioception to improve backward walking performance in older individuals with THA. 

Does backward gait require more proprioception and balance in older adults after total knee arthroplasty?

Aim: Scapular and core muscle endurance is known to reduce risk of injury and improve performance. But, there was no study investigating relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in athletes. To identify relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in professional athletes. Material and Methods: Fifty-two professional athletes (basketball, football and handball players) (age:19.88±5.98, BMI:21.65±2.82) were included in study. Scapular muscle endurance was assessed with scapular endurance test. Core muscle endurance was evaluated using McGill core endurance tests (trunk flexion, Sorensan test, and the side bridge) and prone bridge test. Results: Spearman correlation analysis results showed that a positive moderate correlation was found between scapular endurance and prone bridge test (r: 0.524, p: 0.000). Scapular endurance test was shown to have positive correlations with Sorensen test (r: 0.292, p: 0.039).Conclusion: Scapular and core muscle endurance is very important in performance and identifying risk of injury. As a result of this study, it can be seen that in athletes, scapular muscle endurance increases as core muscle endurance increases. This suggests that development of scapular and core muscle endurance in athletes is necessary for performance and for prevention of injuries. There is need for additional studies to investigate effect of scapular and core muscle endurance on performance and injury risk in athletes.Keywords: Scapular endurance; core muscle endurance; athletes.

The relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in professional athletes

Background/aim Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries cause mechanoreceptor loss in the joint; therefore, proprioceptive deficits are observed after injury. In particular, proprioceptive measurements made in the functional position give more accurate results, and this is an area that requires further studies. This study aimed to evaluate proprioception in patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in functional positions used in daily life (closed kinetic chain position), according to joint angles where ACL injuries occur more frequently, in comparison with healthy controls. Materials and methods Thirty-four participants who underwent ACLR using a hamstring tendon graft (aged 29.18 ± 8.16 years; body mass index (BMI), 26.58 ± 4.02 kg/cm2) and 31 healthy participants (aged 27.35 ± 5.74 years; BMI, 24.76 ± 2.98 kg/cm2) were included. Proprioception was assessed with an active angle repetition test, using an inclinometer in the closed kinetic chain position while standing. Participants were asked to perform single-leg squats until the angle at the knee joint was 30°. After the targeted angle was defined, the participants were asked to find the targeted angle. The difference between the targeted angle and the angle reached by the participants was calculated. Results A statistically significant difference in the active joint position sense was found among the ACLR extremity, uninvolved extremity, and control extremity (p < 0.05). The proprioceptive sense between the two extremities in the ACLR group was similar, and the proprioceptive sense was worse than that of the control group. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate closed kinetic chain position in patients who underwent ACLR, and it showed that proprioceptive sense was still poor in patients with ACLR compared with the control group, even if an average of 24 months have elapsed since surgery.

Evaluation of proprioception in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction: Measurement in functional position

Background: Lymphedema is a chronic and progressive disease whose diagnosis involves determination of clinical and demographic characteristics. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze th...

Clinical Characteristics of and Services Provided for Patients with Lymphedema Referred to a Physiotherapy Program During the Years 2009 Through 2019.

/pdf/comparison-of-core-muscle-endurance-balance-posture-trunk-1u69suxd.pdf

Comparison of Core Muscle Endurance, Balance, Posture, Trunk Proprioception, and Physical Activity Level in Healthy Individuals by Gender

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Papers

The relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in professional athletes

Evaluation of proprioception in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction: Measurement in functional position

Clinical Characteristics of and Services Provided for Patients with Lymphedema Referred to a Physiotherapy Program During the Years 2009 Through 2019.

Comparison of Core Muscle Endurance, Balance, Posture, Trunk Proprioception, and Physical Activity Level in Healthy Individuals by Gender