Background: Toxic gases and carcinogens released from manufacturing and burning of plastics cause environmental pollution. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study are to study the knowledge, attitude, and practice on uses of plastic products, their disposal and environmental pollution among school-going adolescents. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken in one of the senior secondary schools of Wardha city. Purposive sampling was done. Seventh standard students who were present on the day of data collection and willing to participate were instructed to fill up the pro forma. Results: The hazards of plastics could be reduced by their reduced usage (75.78%) and reuse at home (41.05%) followed by segregation and proper disposal (12%). Students (26.32%) told that plastics are not biodegradable. Students (37.89%) had knowledge regarding plastic bags banned in Wardha city. Students (35.79%) knew about fine imposed for using plastic bags. Main source of information was school (83.15%) followed by television and radio (80%) and parents (24.21%). Students (65.26%) agreed for ban on plastic bag usage, whereas 69.48% of students agreed to campaign for harmful effect of plastics in daily use. Conclusions: Proper disposal of plastic waste reflected the habit of family is a thrust area which needs to be improved. Good thing is that students are having attitude to give up the use of plastic bags and to aware others about the ill health of using plastics.

Knowledge, attitude and practice on uses of plastic products, their disposal and environmental pollution: A study among school-going adolescents

Identification of an individual plays a very important role in any crime investigation, mass disaster, and deceased cases.[1] Human identification is one of the challenging areas, and it is based on unique physiological parameters is the central dogma of forensic identification and biometric authentication. Traditional biometrics like face, iris, fingerprint, palm print, and voice have been used in biometric authentication but has an inherent limitation in that they are easily forged.[2] The tongue is a vital organ which is well enclosed within the oral cavity, having its own blood and nervous supply and is composed of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles controlling its movement and also papillae which is characteristic. It is unique to each person in its surface characteristics mainly, shape, surface texture, and size. This uniqueness of tongue may aid in individual identification and thus may serve as a new biometric tool.[3] The uniqueness of the tongue print is that no two tongues are the same, and studies have found that the tongue of identical twins also does not resemble each other. The tongue provides both static and dynamic features for authentication.[4] It presents both geometric shape information and physiological texture information which are potentially useful in identity verification applications. The shape of the individual tongue is constant, notwithstanding its instinctive squirm and its physiological textures are invariant even as the coating of the tongue changes. [5] With this background, a study was designed to classify variations in morphological characteristics of the tongue as observed on photographs and to assess the usefulness of tongue replica for Abstract

Sexual Dimorphism from Visual Examination of Tongue in Satara District

Forensic odontology is an evolving science and has a greater scope of development. It has established as an indispensable science in medico-legal matters and in the identification of the dead person. The dental tissues are often preserved even if the deceased person is skeletonized, decomposed, burnt, or dismembered. Various methods have been developed to determine age, sex, and ethnicity of the person, using dental tissues. Data collection methods and supplementary technologies used in forensic dental identification have undergone significant transformation. This article provides an overview of the evolving trends in the recent concepts used in forensic odontology.

Recent advances in forensic odontology made easy in identification

This narrative review highlights the role of endodontists and the significance of various dental tools in forensic dentistry.An online search was conducted in peer-reviewed journals, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, to retrieve studies regarding "the role of an endodontist in victim identification using different tools".The searches used controlled vocabulary and freetext terms.Articles written in English and published from 1923 to 2023 were selected.An essential stage in forensic dentistry is dental identification of the dead person and is regarded as an initial step for both judicial and humanitarian purposes if fingerprint records are missing or the remains have undergone significant changes.Endodontists should be aware of all available dental tools that aid in identification.The four fundamental tools for identification are dental radiographs, hard and soft dental structures, and dental materials.Dental radiographs provide a substantial nondestructive record for estimating age and sex.Moreover, maxillofacial hard and soft structures provide important tools for individual identification as they are considered the strongest structures in the human body and can withstand severe chemical and temperature changes.In addition, endodontic and restorative materials can be identified under different conditions and serve as excellent forensic identification measures. 

The Role of an Endodontist in Victim Identification: A Narrative Review on Forensic Endodontics

Background: The morphology and surface features are characteristics of any individual and these are used for forensic identification too. For this purpose, tongue print has also been an important milieu for identification. This study was aimed to study the variations of tongue shape in pediatric patients visiting Kanti Children’s Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 pediatric patients visiting the dental outpatient department of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. The patients were asked to protrude tongue in relaxed position, after which a photograph was taken and the tongue shape, borders and texture were evaluated. The study results were analyzed using descriptive statistical method with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Results: Total 224 children with the mean age 7.91 ±1.96 years participated in the study. Among the participants half of the participants were male. The U-shaped tongue was highly prevalent 137 (61.2%). Among the study population, 204 (91.1%) had smooth tongue and 206 (92%) had absence of fissures in the tongue. Among the participant’s, U shaped tongue was more in males than in females while V shaped tongue was more in females. Smooth border of the tongue was more in females (93%). Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that variations of tongue were observed among gender in Nepalese pediatric population. The U shaped tongue was present more among male while V shaped tongue was more in female children.

Morphological Variations of Tongue Shape in Pediatric Patients Attending Dental OPD of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Nepal

Forensic odontology is a branch of forensic sciences which proof to be very helpful during investigationof criminal cases and during person identification by providing the dental expertise in the court and to thelegal system so that proper justice can be done based on evidence. The tongue is a crucial organ very muchencased inside the oral cavity and shielded from nature. Tongue print is the subtleties present on uncoveredsection of tongue when the surface and shape are assembled. The morphology and surface highlights areattributes of each person, and these characteristics can be utilized for criminological distinguishing proof.It has unique shape and surface textures in each individual. The shape, colour and texture of tongue aredifferent in identical twins. And hence it can be used as a new method for personal identification withfurther elaboration. The unique features make it a valuable tool in forensic odontology. The exposedportion of tongue contains information with visible differences from one individual to another therefore itis helpful in identification of suspect during forensic investigation. Tongue becomes the forensic evidencefor establishing the cause of death. It is an evolving science in the field of forensic and there is greater scopefor its further development. The use of tongue print as forensic identification is at budding stage but now itsuse as a biometric authentication system is gaining a lot of popularity. This review is aimed at describing thedistinctive features of tongue, application of tongue prints in personal identification and as biometric systemand the challenges faced in its use.

/pdf/tongue-prints-a-forensic-review-1ntreq5nmx.pdf

Tongue Prints: A Forensic Review

The pandemic of coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) started from Wuhan, China, in December a year ago and has become a significant test to general wellbeing China as well as nations around the globe Affecting the population of 4,735,622 in the world and leads to the death of 316,289 till 19th May 2020, according to reports of WHO The COVID-19 spread rapidly by a human to human contact through small droplets from mouth and nose Other possible routes of transmission for COVID-19, include airborne spread via aerosols produces during dental procedures The dentists are at higher risk of getting infected by coronavirus disease with many routine dental procedures hav-ing the possibility to transmit the virus through aerosols During the time of COVID-19 pandemic disease, the health care workers should be provided with protective apparatus including face shields, goggles, mask, gloves, gown or coverall, headcover and rubber boots American Dental Association has maintained a consistency neutral stance since the pandemic was recognized They appealed dental health care workers to put off elective dental procedures for dental patients and to provide only urgent dental care Essential phone screening to distinguish suspected patients or likely COVID-19 contaminated can be correctly done during routine dental arrangements This review high-lights on the structure of coronavirus, its modes of communication, how dental health care workers are at higher risk, urgent dental procedures that should only begin during the crisis and basis preventive measures taken by dental health care workers

Covid-19 and dentistry — are we ready

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Tongue Prints: A Forensic Review

Covid-19 and dentistry — are we ready