National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges

http://www.parkjonghyuk.net/lecture/2015-1st-lecture/networksecurity/Paper1.pdf

Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things

Summary
Internet of Things (IoT) aims to bring every object (eg, smart cameras, wearable, environmental sensors, home appliances, and vehicles) online, hence generating massive volume of data that can overwhelm storage systems and data analytics applications. Cloud computing offers services at the infrastructure level that can scale to IoT storage and processing requirements. However, there are applications such as health monitoring and emergency response that require low latency, and delay that is caused by transferring data to the cloud and then back to the application can seriously impact their performances. To overcome this limitation, Fog computing paradigm has been proposed, where cloud services are extended to the edge of the network to decrease the latency and network congestion. To realize the full potential of Fog and IoT paradigms for real-time analytics, several challenges need to be addressed. The first and most critical problem is designing resource management techniques that determine which modules of analytics applications are pushed to each edge device to minimize the latency and maximize the throughput. To this end, we need an evaluation platform that enables the quantification of performance of resource management policies on an IoT or Fog computing infrastructure in a repeatable manner. In this paper we propose a simulator, called iFogSim, to model IoT and Fog environments and measure the impact of resource management techniques in latency, network congestion, energy consumption, and cost. We describe two case studies to demonstrate modeling of an IoT environment and comparison of resource management policies. Moreover, scalability of the simulation toolkit of RAM consumption and execution time is verified under different circumstances.

iFogSim: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of resource management techniques in the Internet of Things, Edge and Fog computing environments

The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues

The chapter describes the Calipso communication architecture for IP connectivity in wireless sensor networks and the Smart Parking application scenario developed within the Project. The use case is a real life demonstrator for traffic flow and parking monitoring deployed in the city of Barcelona, Spain. It is based on a communication infrastructure with sensors for parking and traffic detection embedded in the ground. The sensor nodes communicate parking space availability/traffic flow to neighboring sensors until they reach a gateway. Multi-hop routing is used when there is no direct communication with the gateway. A centralized control system stores and processes all data gathered from sensors. The resulting information and implemented services are offered to citizens by means of mobile applications and city panels. In the chapter, we analyze the requirements of the use case, present the communication architecture of Calipso, and show how the Smart Parking application takes advantage of different modules within the architecture.

Internet of Things Applications - From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment

Many applications for ad hoc networks are based on a point-to-multipoint (multicast) communication paradigm, where a single source sends common data to many receivers, or, inversely, on a multipoint-to-point communication paradigm, where multiple sources send data to a single receiver. In such scenarios, communication can be secured by adopting a common secret key, denoted as ''group key'', shared by multiple communication endpoints. In this work, we propose a novel centralized approach to efficiently distribute and manage a group key in generic ad hoc networks and Internet of Things, while reducing the computational overhead and network traffic due to group membership changes caused by users' joins and leaves. In particular, the proposed protocol takes advantage of two possible leave strategies: (i) at a pre-determined time selected when the user joins the group or (ii) at an unpredictable time, as in the case of membership revocation. The proposed protocol is applied to two following relevant scenarios: (i) secure data aggregation in Internet of Things (IoT) and (ii) Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs).

/pdf/a-novel-batch-based-group-key-management-protocol-applied-to-1y0qirk8cs.pdf

A novel batch-based group key management protocol applied to the Internet of Things

The global reach and extreme heterogeneity of the Internet of Things present major application development challenges. Using the same Web-based approach underlying the Internet's evolution into the IoT, the Web of Things Testbed provides a stable, open, dynamic, and secure infrastructure to simplify application design and testing.

/pdf/design-and-deployment-of-an-iot-application-oriented-testbed-4tsk5r7wsg.pdf

Design and Deployment of an IoT Application-Oriented Testbed

In the next few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) will become a reality, merging the social, physical, and cyber worlds to enable new applications and forms of interaction between humans and connected, smart sensing and actuating devices As billions of smart objects become deployed pervasively in the environment, users should be able to discover and interact with objects in their proximity in a seamless and transparent way Although smartphones have become an extremely popular computing device, smart wearable devices, such as Google Glass and the Apple watch, are now providing even more effective means to bridge the gap between humans and smart objects The authors analyze the characteristics of wearable applications for IoT scenarios and describe the interaction patterns that should occur between wearable or mobile devices and smart objects The authors also present an implementation of a wearable-based Web of Things application used to evaluate the described interaction patterns in a smart environment, deployed within their department's IoT testbed

Wearable Computing for the Internet of Things

Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols and Standards

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