While touch interfaces have become more popular, they are still mostly confined to mobile platforms such as smart phones and notebooks. Mouse interfaces still dominate desktop platforms due to their portability, ergonomic design and large number of possible interactions. In this paper we present a prototype for a new interface based on cheap consumer-level hardware, which combines advantages of the mouse and touch interface, but additionally allows the detection of 3D depth values. This is achieved by using a web cam and point light source and detecting hand and shadow gestures in order to compute 3D finger tip positions. Our evaluation shows that the concept is feasible and more powerful interactions than with traditional interfaces can be achieved. Limitations include a reduced input precision, insufficient stability of the utilised computer vision algorithms, and the requirement of a stable lighting environment.

/pdf/a-virtual-touchscreen-with-depth-recognition-14o2633btv.pdf

A virtual touchscreen with depth recognition

A method for synchronous representation of terrain formed from polygons of a virtual reality on a plurality of display devices of a simulation device, which has a plurality of simulation computers (SR1, SR2) connected to one another via a network which computers store spatial coordinates of the polygons for the terrain, and SR1 generating a change of the terrain. The method has the following method steps: - SR1 generates position data (L) that specifies which region of the terrain was changed; - generates elevation data (H) of the changed region of the terrain; - and transfers the position data (L) and the elevation data (H) via the network to SR2; - a control unit of SR2 selects, on the basis of the position data (L), any polygons of the terrain which are in the changed region; - a tesselator unit divides each of the selected polygons into a plurality of sub-polygons; - a calculating unit calculates the spatial coordinates of the sub-polygons according to the elevation data (H); and - the sub-polygons are displayed on SR2.

Method for synchronous representation of a virtual reality in a distributed simulation device

River generation is an integral part of realistic terrain generation, since rivers shape terrains and changes in terrain, e.g., due to tectonic movements can change the path of rivers. Fast existing terrain generation methods often result in non-realistic river patterns, whereas physically-realistic techniques, e.g., building on erosion models, are usually slow. In this paper we investigate whether the Space Colonization Algorithm can be modified to generate realistic river patterns. We present several extensions of the Space Colonization Algorithm and show with a user study with $n=55$ participants that some variants of the algorithm are capable of generating river patterns that are indistinguishable from real river patterns. Although our technique can not generate all types of natural river patterns, our results suggest that it can prove useful for developing plausible 2D maps and potentially can form the basis for new terrain generation techniques.

Generating Realistic River Patterns with Space Colonization

Sketch-based applications are rapidly gaining popularity in 3D modelling because of the intuitive pen-and-paper metaphor. Even inexperienced users with little computer graphics and digital design background can use them to create 3D models rapidly. However, the development of sketch-based applications is usually difficult and time consuming. In this paper, we present a framework for simplifying the development of sketch-based 3D modelling applications. The framework integrates existing techniques for 3D sketch processing with a processing pipeline for sketch input, a state-machine for defining processing parameters and modes, and a customised event handler. The modular design means that the functionality of the framework can be easily extended in the future. Experimental results suggest that the framework is easy to use and the implemented functionalities work correctly.

/pdf/towards-a-3d-sketch-based-modelling-api-47lzbl0u90.pdf

Towards a 3D sketch-based modelling API

High-quality terrain rendering has been the focus of many visualization applications over recent decades. Many terrain rendering methods use the strategy of Level of Detail (LOD) to create adaptive terrain models, but the transition between different levels is usually not handled well, which may cause popping artefacts that seriously affect the reality of the terrain model. In recent years, many researchers have tried using modern Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to complete heavy rendering tasks. By leveraging the great power of GPU, high quality terrain models with rich details can be rendered in real time, although the problem of popping artefacts still persists. In this study, we propose a real-time terrain rendering method with GPU tessellation that can effectively reduce the popping artefacts. Coupled with a view-dependent updating scheme, a multilevel terrain representation based on the flexible Dynamic Stitching Strip (DSS) is developed. During rendering, the main part of the terrain model is tessellated into appropriate levels using GPU tessellation. DSSs, generated in parallel, can seamlessly make the terrain transitions between different levels much smoother. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can meet the requirements of real-time rendering and achieve a better visual quality compared with other methods.

A Multilevel Terrain Rendering Method Based on Dynamic Stitching Strips

Terrains are an essential part of virtual environments in computer games, movies, visual impact studies, archi- tecture, urban design and archaeology. In order to render large terrains in real-time multi-resolution represen- tations are used. The underlying data structures are usually static and do not allow modification of the terrain in real-time. In recent years an increasing number of applications have been developed requiring interactive terrain modelling. In this paper we describe a real-time geometric clipmapping terrain rendering technique for large terrains which allows incremental updates of the underlying data structure. We have combined the method with an interactive sketch-based terrain modelling technique. The clipmap data structure is updated during runtime to synchronise the terrain visualization with changes to the underlying digital elevation map. Tests and examples demonstrate the advantages of our method over traditional approaches. Disadvantages and limitations are discussed and potential solutions for future work are presented.

/pdf/real-time-terrain-rendering-with-incremental-loading-for-radnnk4s9o.pdf

Real-time terrain rendering with incremental loading for interactive terrain modelling

Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealandfksch075, svan071, wyue013g@aucklanduni.ac.nz, burkhard@cs.auckland.ac.nzKeywords: sketch-based interfaces, character animation, skeletal animationAbstract: The use of 3D virtual worlds is increasing rapidly and new tools are necessary to enable untrained users to cre-ate 3D content and interact with it. In this paper we present and evaluate sketch-based interaction metaphorsfor specifying complex animations of 3D skeletally animated models. Sketched interactions include bone ro-tation, motion path translation, sequencing and synchronisation of animations, and an undo-functionality. Thesketches are drawn directly onto a model in a 3D view and are translated into time-dependent joint transfor-mations. We present the design concepts, the implementation of a prototype, and a user study assessing theusability of our animation metaphors. The user study demonstrates that the animation metaphors are intuitive,with the exception of animation ordering. A large variety of animations were successfully created by users.More work is necessary to synchronise animations better. Overall our research demonstrates that sketched-based animations can be useful for applications requiring rapid prototyping containing a limited number ofjoint animations. Examples are the programming of household robots and the creation of simple animatedscenes in education and social network applications.

/pdf/sketched-interaction-metaphors-for-character-animation-4wcatagco7.pdf

Sketched interaction metaphors for character animation

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Real-time terrain rendering with incremental loading for interactive terrain modelling

Sketched interaction metaphors for character animation