Improved methodology and apparatus for the clinical study and treatment of sleep apnea which incorporates one or more of the following features: (1) application of mono-level, alternating high and low level, or variable positive airway pressure generally within the airway of the patient with the mono-level, high and low level, or variable airway pressure generally being coordinated with and/or responsive to the spontaneous respiration of the patient, (2) usage of adjustably programmable pressure ramp circuitry capable of producing multiple pressure ramp cycles of predetermined duration and pattern whereby the ramp cycles may be customized to accommodate the specific needs of an individual sleep apnea patient so as to ease the patient's transition from wakefulness to sleep, (3) remote control or patient-sensed operation of the apparatus, (4) employment of safety circuitry, reset circuitry and minimum system leak assurance circuitry, controls and methods, and (5) utilization of clinical control circuitry whereby sleep disorder data may be compiled and appropriate therapy implemented during a one-night sleep study.

Sleep apnea treatment apparatus

The apparatus provides for the determination of the instantaneous phase in the respiratory cycle, subject's average respiration rate and the provision of ventilatory assistance. A microprocessor (16) receives an airflow signal from a pressure transducer (18) coupled to a port (17) at a mask (11). The microprocessor (16) controls a servo (19), that in turn controls the fan motor (20) and thus the pressure of air delivered by the blower (10). The blower (10) is coupled to a subject's mask (11) by a conduit (12). The invention seeks to address the following goals: while the subject is awake and making substantial efforts the delivered assistance should be closely matched in phase with the subject's efforts; the machine should automatically adjust the degree of assistance to maintain at least a specified minimum ventilation without relying on the integrity of the subject's chemoreflexes; and it should continue to work correctly in the presence of large leaks.

Assisted ventilation to match patient respiratory need

A respiratory apparatus (10) operable for delivering a breathable gas to the airway of a patient includes a status monitor (24, 26) for determining the status of usage of the unit by the patient and a timer (32) for determining the accumulated time of usage of the unit by the patient.

Compliance meter for respiratory therapy

The occurrence of an arousal in a patient associated with an apneic or hypopneic episode car be determined. Sensors are placed on a patient to obtain signals representative of at least two physiological variables, for example skin conductance, heart rate and blood oxygen concentration. The signals are conditioned by conditioning circuitry, then processed by a processor to correlate at least two thereof. A coincident change in at least two of the processed signals is indicative of the occurrence of an arousal, that in turn indicates an apneic or hypopneic episode has occurred. A patient thus can be diagnosed as suffering conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea.

Monitoring the occurrence of apneic and hypopneic arousals

CPAP treatment apparatus is disclosed having a controllable flow generator (34, 38, 40) operable to produce breathable gas at a treatment pressure elevated above atmosphere to a patient by a delivery tube (32) coupled to a mask (30) having connection with a patient's airway. A sensor (44, 50, 56, 58) generates a signal representative of patient respiratory flow, that is provided to a controller (54, 62, 64). The controller (54, 62, 64) is operable to determine the occurence of an apnea from a reduction in respiratory airflow below a threshold, and if an apnea has occured, to determine the duration of the apnea and to cause the flow generator (34, 38) to increase the treatment pressure by an amount which is an increasing function of the duration of the apnea, and a decreasing function of the treatment pressure immediately before the apnea.

Administration of CPAP treatment pressure in presence of apnea

A portable alarm device is attached to interfitting coupling portions in a therapeutic apparatus, such as, the metal or plastic coupling portions between a respirator hose and tracheostomy tube, the device including normally engaging electric contacts on the coupling portions which separate with the coupling portions to sense a break. One contact is connected to the patient''s body, the other contact connected to a low-power electric pulse generating circuit for triggering an electric switch, the latter being adapted to activate the alarm element when the contacts disconnect to alert hospital personnel.

Flow line break alarm device

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Flow line break alarm device