Taxonomy of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): A new tribal classification

Since the mid 1980s, Egypt has realized significant growth in information and communication technology (ICT) usage across different sectors in the economy. However, in today’s global environment, the challenge no longer lies in accommodating the growth of the ICT sector that introduced changes that are arguably the most important since the industrial revolution. The essence is the diffusion of ICT across the society and ensuring that it furthers socioeconomic development. Managing this transformational process requires cooperation and partnerships between different stakeholders in the society to ensure steady and successful progress towards the goal of realizing a fully developed information society. Moreover, in order to generate economic development and growth, ICT need to be transformed into economic activities offering services, applications and content that create new markets, reduce costs and increase productivity. While ICT are generally adaptable; their effectiveness in addressing development issues still depends on their introduction, adoption, diffusion and adaptation within a healthy and encouraging regulatory environment. In that respect, the importance of ICT in socioeconomic development in Egypt was realized since 1999 leading to the allocation of ICT on the government agenda supported by the private sector and the civil society. This article addresses the recent efforts that were exerted in Egypt, as an emerging economy, in terms of building its ICT sector while analyzing the associated investments and their impact on economic development.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2009.tb00248.x

The Impact of ICT Investments on Economic Development in Egypt

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address how cultures could affect the way different people use the internet. The study showed that there is a great potential for e‐commerce in Egypt in particular and Arab world in general. However, there are many challenges, where people are used to paying cash for what they buy, the credit or debit card as an instrument for buying things is not readily acceptable by public Egyptians.Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory study based on analysing secondary data and observation. The reason for choosing this approach in this stage of research is the lack of research that deals with this particular issue in the chosen case study.Findings – The results showed that e‐commerce has some merit in targeting global customers, if it considers cultural differences when adopting and applying global marketing strategy. Although there are many governmental initiatives to adopt ICT on all levels in Egypt, the reality still far behind and there is still a lot need ...

E‐commerce and globalization: an exploratory study of Egypt

Dinophysis acuminata cells were isolated from Narragansett Bay water samples in June 2005 using flow cytometry. Dinoflagellate-specific PCR primers were used to isolate small-subunit rRNA (18S rRNA), mitochondrial cytochrome b (cob), and cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) genes and the encoded cDNAs. Maximum-likelihood analysis of a concatenated data set of ribosomal DNA and cDNA sequences of cob and cox1 showed that D. acuminata was sister to Gonyaulacoids, but without strong bootstrap support. The approximately unbiased test could not reject alternative positions of D. acuminata. To gain better resolution, mRNA editing of cob and cox1 was inferred for D. acuminata and 13 other dinoflagellate species. The location and type of editing as well as the distribution pattern in D. acuminata were generally similar to those in other dinoflagellates except for two edited sites that are unique to this species. Bayesian analyses of a matrix that recorded the location and type of editing, and of a matrix that included the protein sequences of COB and COX1 with the editing data yielded tree topologies similar to the three-gene tree but again failed to resolve the phylogenetic position of D. acuminata. However, the density of edited sites in the D. acuminata mitochondrial genes, consistent with phylogenetic trees, indicated that Dinophysis is a derived dinoflagellate lineage, diverging after other lineages such as Oxyrrhis, Amphidinium, and Symbiodinium. We demonstrate that dinoflagellate-specific PCR coupled with flow cytometry can be a useful tool to analyze genes and their transcripts from a natural dinoflagellate population.

/pdf/mitochondrial-cob-and-cox1-genes-and-editing-of-the-1758dym9k3.pdf

Mitochondrial cob and cox1 genes and editing of the corresponding mRNAs in Dinophysis acuminata from Narragansett Bay, with special reference to the phylogenetic position of the genus Dinophysis.

The United Nations, the World Bank and the International Telecommunication Union purport that information and communication technology (ICT) interventions improve development in third world countries Hence, developing countries are rushing to implement various ICT interventions in urban-rural areas aiming to engender local or national development Through an interpretive case study of an ICT intervention in the Chandanbari village area of Bangladesh, this research describes some challenges surrounding ICT interventions From background literature concerning bridging the digital-divide we emphasise users' capability, local context and local content during the planning and implementation of ICT interventions We apply Heeks' (eDevelopment Briefing, 3(1), 1---2, 2005) information chain model to improve understanding of ICT-led development at the community/individual level Our findings uncover considerable interest in ICT interventions from the community/individuals; however, there are challenges to the long-term acceptance of ICT interventions, such as the socio-cultural issues of gender discrimination and cultural barriers

ICT intervention in the `Chandanbari' Village of Bangladesh: Results from a field study

Like it or not, mobile phones are an integral part of modern living. The author explains how his company, MobileInclusion Ltd., has developed a positive application for this technology to benefit the school-parent community.

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