This study presents r.landslide, a free and open source add-on to the open source Geographic Information System (GIS) GRASS software for landslide susceptibility mapping. The tool was written in Python language and works on the top of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) fed with environmental parameters and landslide databases. In order to illustrate the application and effectiveness of the developed tool, a case study is presented for the municipality of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The resulting landslide susceptibility maps are compared with the map published by the Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM) and a direct comparison using unseen (new) landslide records indicate that the r.landslide can identify and pinpoint susceptible areas with better accuracy. The module can be used by natural disaster management bodies and land use planning organs as a support tool for the elaboration of landslide susceptibility maps in an agile and efficient manner.

Landslide susceptibility mapping with r.landslide: A free open-source GIS-integrated tool based on Artificial Neural Networks

This study proposes a comprehensive methodology to the application of an Artificial Neural Network Ensemble (ANNE) for the mapping of landslide susceptibility. The identification of susceptible areas was performed on the basis of landslide inventory databases and seven parameters from three classes: geomorphological (elevation, aspect, slope, topographic moisture index, profile curvature),geological (lithology) and environmental (land use). Studies are presented for two major cities in Brazil, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro. As the main result, we show that the susceptibility maps generated by the ANNE feature higher accuracy than those published by official organs such as the Brazilian Geological Survey and Geotechnical Institute Foundation (Geo-Rio). This indicates that the proposed methodology can be an effective tool to assist the development of reliable landslide susceptibility maps in an efficient and agile manner.

Artificial neural network ensembles applied to the mapping of landslide susceptibility

The present study analyzed the drosophilid assemblages in different levels of urbanization in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Collections were carried out in 2008 in three different environments: a highly urbanized area—“Jardim Botânico,” a forested area with intermediary urbanization—“Parque Gabriel Knijnik,” and in a relatively well-preserved forested area, although threatened by the urban growth—“Morro Santana.” In Jardim Botânico, 36 species belonging to four genera were found, with high abundance of exotic species as Drosophila simulans Sturtevant and Zaprionus indianus (Gupta). In Parque Gabriel Knijnik, 33 species that belonged to four genera were found, with higher abundances of native species belonging to the Drosophila tripunctata species group and Drosophila willistoni species subgroup, and lower abundance of exotic species. As for Morro Santana, 32 species and three genera were found, with higher abundances of native groups, low representativeness of exotic species, and absence of Zaprionus indianus. The analysis of the Jaccard index showed higher similarity in the species composition between samples collected in summer and autumn, and between samples collected in winter and spring. On the other hand, the Morisita index differentiated Jardim Botânico from the other two studied sites. Our results show that Morro Santana is an important area of native biodiversity, reinforcing, therefore, the inclusion of this area in the project for the creation of an ecological corridor as proposed by the Ministry of the Environment of Brazil.

Drosophilid Assemblages at Different Urbanization Levels in the City of Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

Soil surveys often contain multi-component map units comprising two or more soil classes, whose spatial distribution within the map unit is not represented. Digital Soil Mapping tools supported by information from soil surveys make it possible to predict where these classes are located. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to increase the detail of conventional soil maps by means of spatial disaggregation of multi-component map units and to predict the spatial location of the derived [...]

/pdf/spatial-disaggregation-of-multi-component-soil-map-units-3le740s3ux.pdf

Spatial Disaggregation of Multi-Component Soil Map Units Using Legacy Data and a Tree-Based Algorithm in Southern Brazil

Knowledge of soil characteristics in areas where activities related to the environment are developed, such as Porto Alegre Botanical Garden (JB-PoA), is a fundamental condition for the sustainable use of this natural resource. The objective of this study was to characterize, classify and evaluate some issues about soil formation in Porto Alegre Botanical Garden, as well as relate their distribution on the landscape according to environmental characteristics. For the morphological description and collecting samples four profiles were selected (P1 to P4), located in the summit-shoulder transition, backslope, footslope and toeslope, respectively. Granulometric distribution of the P1 and P3 profiles indicated sharp textural gradient, with presence of textural and "plânico" B horizons, respectively, according to Brazilian System of Soil Classification. There is predominance of low values of pH, and low base saturation, with exception of P4, indicating probable deposition of solution material at this area. The Fed/Fes relationship was greater in the profile located in the summit-shoulder transition (P1), indicating higher weathering. The Feo/Fed relationship increased in P3 and P4 profiles, indicating greater participation of iron oxides of low crystallinity in reducing environment. The occurrence of some pedogenic processes may be inferred, like lessivage in P1 (Ultic Hapludalf), due to clay skins and higher values of fine clay:total clay relationship in subsurface; ferrolysis and gleization, by low pH value and high Feo/Fed relationship in E and EB horizons of P3 (Oxyaquic Hapludalf), being the last also present in P4 (Humaqueptic Endoaquent), indicating gleization occurrence.

/pdf/soil-variability-in-different-landscape-positions-in-the-1jf67e8l4z.pdf

Soil variability in different landscape positions in the porto alegre botanical garden, southern brazil

Diagnóstico Ambiental de Porto Alegre: Geologia, Solos, Drenagem, Vegetação e Ocupação

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Diagnóstico Ambiental de Porto Alegre: Geologia, Solos, Drenagem, Vegetação e Ocupação