Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the orthodontics current principles and techniques book. You can open the device and get the book by on-line.

Orthodontics: Current principles and techniques

OBJECTIVES: To investigate self-perception of smile attractiveness and to determine the role of smile line and other aspects correlated with smile attractiveness and their influence on personality traits. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Participants judged their smile attractiveness with a patient-specific questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a spontaneous smiling photograph of the participant. Objective smile-line height was measured using a digital videographic method for smile analysis. Personality was assessed with the Dutch Personality Index. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha for the smile judgment questionnaire was .77. The results showed that size of teeth, visibility of teeth, and upper lip position were critical factors in self-perception of smile attractiveness (social dimension). Color of teeth and gingival display were critical factors in satisfaction with smile appearance (individual dimension). Participants, smiling with teeth entirely displayed and some gingival display (two to four millimeters), perceived their smile line as most esthetic. Smiles with disproportional gingival display were judged negatively and correlated with the personality characteristics of neuroticism and self-esteem. Visibility and position of teeth correlated with dominance. CONCLUSION: The results of this research underpin the psychosocial importance and the dental significance of an attractive smile.

Smile attractiveness. Self-perception and influence on personality.

CBCT is a widely applied imaging modality in dentistry. It enables the visualization of high-contrast structures of the oral region (bone, teeth, air cavities) at a high resolution. CBCT is now commonly used for the assessment of bone quality, primarily for pre-operative implant planning. Traditionally, bone quality parameters and classifications were primarily based on bone density, which could be estimated through the use of Hounsfield units derived from multidetector CT (MDCT) data sets. However, there are crucial differences between MDCT and CBCT, which complicates the use of quantitative gray values (GVs) for the latter. From experimental as well as clinical research, it can be seen that great variability of GVs can exist on CBCT images owing to various reasons that are inherently associated with this technique (i.e. the limited field size, relatively high amount of scattered radiation and limitations of currently applied reconstruction algorithms). Although attempts have been made to correct for GV variability, it can be postulated that the quantitative use of GVs in CBCT should be generally avoided at this time. In addition, recent research and clinical findings have shifted the paradigm of bone quality from a density-based analysis to a structural evaluation of the bone. The ever-improving image quality of CBCT allows it to display trabecular bone patterns, indicating that it may be possible to apply structural analysis methods that are commonly used in micro-CT and histology.

/pdf/cbct-based-bone-quality-assessment-are-hounsfield-units-3012ljegma.pdf

CBCT-based bone quality assessment: are Hounsfield units applicable?

Objectives: To evaluate the attractiveness of a smile according to variations from esthetic norms, photographic framing, and the order of the presentation of photographs. Materials and Methods: A photograph of an individual was selected and digitally manipulated to create the following smiles: an ideal control smile (I), a smile with diastema (D1), a smile with midline deviation (LM3), a smile with deviation from the long axes of the lateral incisors (10D), and a smile with an inverted smile arc (LSRV). The manipulated photographs were developed in framings of the face and of the mouth and evaluated by 20 laypeople. For half the evaluators, the presentation started with facial photographs and, for the other half, the presentation began with the mouth shots. Evaluators were asked to rank the photographs from the least to the most attractive; then, each photograph was awarded a mark (scale of 0.0 to 10.0). Results: In both presentations, the smiles I, LM3, 10D, and LSRV received favorable ratings, ...

The perception of smile attractiveness.

Selected timbers indigenous to Niger delta area of Nigeria were identified and their physical properties and phytochemical constituent (qualitative and quantitative determination) check conducted. The result of the physical properties showed that: the highest porosity index was 1.75 % from Phyllanthus discoideus, the highest specific gravity recorded was 0.54 for Sacoglottis gabonensis, the highest charring temperature of 97-110 oC was recorded for Pycnanthus angolensis. Moisture contents of the range 16 % in Cassipourea barteria was the lowest while 33 % was the highest in Bombax brevicuspe. All the timber samples were acidic with the exception of Glyphaea brevis which is neutral with a pH of 7.18. All the timbers were soluble in hot conc. H2SO4. Qualitative phytochemical studies showed that almost all the phytochemicals except phlobatannins are present in varied form in almost all the timber samples examined. Quantitative determination of the pytochemical constituents showed that: Cola laurifolia and Bridelia micrantha with contents of 1180mg/g and 1160mg/g had the highest tannin, while the least recorded was 620mg/100g found in Lovoa trichiliode, 80 % of the timber samples analysed had above 6 % of flavonoids in them, cynogenic glycoside recorded in each of the wood samples was less than 1000 mg/g with the highest contents of 891 mg/g, 859 mg/g and 810 mg/g found in Phyllanthus discoideus, Cassipourea barteri and Bridelia micrantha. Bridelia micrantha and Homalinum letestui with values of 5.84 g/100g and 5.34 g/100g respectively contain the highest quantity of oxalate, Phyllanthus discoideus and Rhizophora racemosa with values of 11.6 % and 12.2 % had the highest quantity of alkaloids and saponin respectively. These qualities possessed by the examined timbers shows that apart from their properties in building and other constructions, they are good sources for dye production, agro-chemicals and pharmaceuticals due to their phytochemical constituents.

http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/3595/3367

Determination of physical and phytochemical constituents of some tropical timbers indigenous to niger delta area of nigeria

This study was designed to determine the esthetic perception of men and women to variations in upper and lower gingival display at smile and speech and to incisal plane tilting. Composed photographs of smile and speech with varying amounts of gingival exposure of the upper and lower teeth and gingiva at smile and at speech and with varying degrees of incisal plane tilting were rated for attractiveness by two groups of lay people. The images were presented as male or female images. A total of 300 questionnaires, including 7500 images, were evaluated by 100 subjects. The results showed that images were scored as less attractive as the amount of upper and lower gingival display was increased during smile and speech. The amount of gingival exposure graded in the esthetic range was up to one mm for the upper incisors and zero mm for the lower incisors. Incisal plane tilting was graded as unesthetic when above two degrees of deviation from the horizontal. Male and female evaluators scored images differently with upper gingival exposure. Female evaluators gave statistically significant higher scores than male evaluators to upper gingival exposure images at smile and speech of both males and females, suggesting that females are more tolerant of upper gingival exposure. Images were scored differently when presented as male or female images. Female images were scored lower by both male and female evaluators, suggesting that additional efforts should be taken in female patients to achieve an esthetic result.

Influence of Sex on the Perception of Oral and Smile Esthetics with Different Gingival Display and Incisal Plane Inclination

Theoretical and experimental biomechanical analyses explain most labial orthodontics (LaO); however, lingual orthodontic (LiO) biomechanical principles are rarely introduced. The objective of this study was to apply basic biomechanical considerations in understanding the influence of maxillary incisor inclination and to compare the effect of labial vs lingual intrusive/extrusive forces on tooth movement. Basic anatomic and geometric hypotheses were assumed, ie, tooth length (crown and root), location of the center of resistance, and crown thickness. Incisor inclination as related to a perpendicular line to the occlusal plane (OP) varied between −35° (retroclination) and 45° (proclination). A 0° inclination was defined as a tooth position with its long axis perpendicular to the OP. The buccolingual moment for characterizing root movement was calculated for an applied force perpendicular to the OP. The results showed that when using LaO, an extrusion force resulted in labial root movement from a re...

Vertical forces in labial and lingual orthodontics applied on maxillary incisors--a theoretical approach.

The lingual bracket jig.

Various designs of dental orthodontic brackets are described Some brackets are self-ligating with no moving parts Some brackets include multiple pathways for wires so an amount and type of force applied by the bracket can be varied without moving the bracket Optionally, a same bracket is used for an entire orthodontic process

Orthodontic bracket and method

https://www.semortho.com/article/S1073-8746(07)00072-2/pdf

Self-Ligating Brackets in Lingual Orthodontics

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