HE body of knowledge and of experience which is psychiatry is continuously T undergoing modification. The factors responsible are intrinsic and extrinsic, depending upon whether they arise within the field of psychiatry or outside of it. An example of the former is Freudian psychoanalysis, which for the past sixty years has influenced psychiatric practice by suggesting a system of human motivation, a theory and a method of psychotherapy. (12) The latter, the extrinsic influence, is clearly demonstrated by the field of chemistry, which in the last few years through the development of drugs has changed the treatment and the care of the hospitalized psychotic patients. In this paper I wish to indicate another factor within the field of psychiatry -group psychotherapy-and to describe its future possible effect upon the psychiatric field.* The content of this paper, which could be highly speculative as it attempts to predict the future, will be kept within bounds. Only trends in the application of group psychotherapeutic methods which are really observable will be considered. Any speculation of group psychotherapy’s more general effect upon our culture, i.e. democratic activities, educational practices, ~2g> labour-management co-operation, etc., will not be considered. By this omission there is not an attempt to minimize the importance of the application of the group and individual psychological understandings to other fields. However, I feel that a careful and constant consideration of the dynamics of therapy group formation and operation by competently trained and experienced group psychotherapists over a period of years will give us data, methods, and goals which will best serve psychiatry, as well as the other social endeavours which use the group method. The study of certain trends present today in group psychotherapy, accompanied by projections of these trends into the future, might reveal where there is

Trends in Group Psychotherapy in the United States

The present studies indicate that the pathological deviations in personality growth which ultimately lead to the development of the neuroses are caused principally by early deprivation of basic emotional needs, combined with the acting out by parents or significant others, of their own neurotic patterns of behavior upon the child.

Personality development during group psychotherapy: Its relation to the etiology and treatment of the neuroses

In the final analysis, the group situation gives the stutterer what he most surely needs—a sense of belonging, an atmosphere of union and unity, a feeling of respect with others, a spirit of group acceptance and support, and finally a controlled environment where he is able to act out his symptom in the specific situation that he feels ordinarily provokes it.

Group psychoanalysis with adult stutterers

The clinical application of Karen Horney’s theory to group psychoanalysis

Foundations for a Science of Personality

A philosophy of group psychoanalysis

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01872237.pdf

Constructive forces in group psychoanalysis

SummaryI have tried to demonstrate that the immense complexity of the group can be brought down to human dimensions if the assumption is made that the group, because of the individual's need to belong, is striving toward union and unity. The concept of group process is introduced, wherein there is an ebb and flow of tension; and there is a certain optimum in time-intensity stress factors which will permit optimum group functioning without risking disruption of the group. Attending to group stress guides the analyst with the timing of his intervention.The concept of group unity opens up for consideration many other important questions, some of which are listed.Since group work offers another avenue to the awareness and experiencing of neurotic patterns, its greatest value may ultimately be to complement individual analysis.

Group psychoanalysis: The group striving for unity and union

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A philosophy of group psychoanalysis

Constructive forces in group psychoanalysis

Group psychoanalysis: The group striving for unity and union