Hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting (EWS) presents a viable solution for addressing the fossil energy crisis. However, the commercial viability of this approach is impeded by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It is urgently needed to develop efficient, stable, and cost-effective OER electrocatalysts. Herein, we comprehensively design and investigate a phosphate ion and Fe3+ codecorating Ni(OH)2/NiOOH electrocatalyst (Pi-Fe:NiOH) for OER. This codecoration induces multiple synergistic effects, which include an increase in the interlayer water content for the internal OER, altering the OER mechanism, facilitating proton transport across the layers, and improving the stability of Pi-Fe:NiOH. Consequently, Pi-Fe:NiOH exhibits a high OER activity with overpotentials of 118 ± 1 and 222 ± 4 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm–2, respectively. More impressively, it maintains stable operation at a high current density of around 300 mA cm–2 for at least 500 h, much better than the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH electrocatalyst (NiOH) for less than 6 h at a current density below 200 mA cm–2. These findings offer insights for the design of anion–cation codoped hydroxide eletrocatalysts, paving a way for the development of efficient and stable OER electrocatalysts. 

Codecoration of Phosphate and Iron for Improving Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Layered Ni(OH)2/NiOOH

To facilitate the realize high-value utilization of coal tar pitch, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized using ball-milling-assisted H₂O₂ oxidation method with tar pitch as carbon source. Subsequently, Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄/CQDs composites were prepared through the electrostatic self-attraction of CQDs, Ag₃PO₄ and g-C₃N₄. These composites were then employed for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes, including methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). A case study of MO, the degradation rate constant of Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄/CQDs reached 0.02469 min−1, which was 11 times and 1.6 times higher than that of g-C₃N₄ and Ag₃PO₄. It found that Ag₃PO₄:g-C₃N₄ mass ratio of 1:1 and 5 mg/L CQDs solution loading were optimal. Characterization analysis revealed the specific surface area of the catalyst was increased and optimized band gap structure after the combination of CQDs as the co-catalyst. The possible reaction mechanism was also expounded, Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄/CQDs constructed Z-scheme heterostructure, with CQDs as electron bridge. In addition, the impact of catalyst mass, initial concentration, and pH on the degradation process was studied, as well as the cyclic stability of the catalyst. Based on capture and ESR tests, the main active substances involved in the reaction were in the following order: h+ > ·OH > ·O2−. These experiments provided a new idea on the application of coal-based CQDs in the field of visible light catalytic degradation. 

Visible light photocatalytic degradation of dyes by Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/CQDs composite

Constructing heterojunction is an effective strategy for fighting electron-hole pairs recombination. Loading of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) cocatalysts on a heterojunction is crucial for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS). However, how to achieve a synergy between the heterojunction and HER cocatalyst remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a novel design strategy: selectively loading HER cocatalyst Pt on Tb4O7/CN. We found that engineering Pt on the Tb4O7 section of Tb4O7/CN can synergistically promote the photogenerated charge separation and thus enhances the POWS activity. The H2 production rate is about 2.8 times higher than that of Tb4O7/CN. In contrast, engineering Pt on the CN section leads to increasing photogenerated electron-hole recombination and deactivating the POWS activity, about 2.6 times as low as that of Tb4O7/CN. These findings highlight the significance of synergism of Pt loading sites with the charge separation of heterojunctions, providing insights on developing efficient photocatalysts for POWS. 

Precisely loading Pt on Tb4O7/CN heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting: design and mechanism

We report a living cell-target responsive accessibility profiling (LC-TRAP) approach to identify the targetome of silibinin (SIL), a well-established hepatoprotective natural product (NP), in HepG2 cells. Proteins showing accessibility changes, probed by covalent lysine labeling reagents and leveraged by multiplexed quantitative proteomics, following the administration of SIL to the living cells were assigned as potential targets. Among the assigned targetome, ACSL4, an enzyme essential for ferroptosis induction, might be involved in the hepatoprotective effects of SIL and hence was intensively validated. We first demonstrated that SIL protected HepG2 cells from ferroptosis dependent on ACSL4. Then, we used biophysical assays and a SIL-derivatized chemical probe to corroborate that SIL can bind to ACSL4. The ensuing enzymatic assays showed that SIL inhibited ACSL4 enzymatic activity, thereby mitigating the ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis. As such, we revealed that ACSL4 inhibition, using SIL as a model compound, represents a promising hepatoprotective strategy. Further, since TRAP probes the accessibility changes of reactive proteinaceous lysines, it can pinpoint the proximal regions where the ligand engagement may occur. Thus, the LC-TRAP analysis of SIL, the newly discovered ligand of ACSL4, and arachidonic acid (AA), the substrate, intriguingly showed that SIL and AA both affected the conformation of the K536-proximal region of ACSL4, albeit through distinct binding patterns. Collectively, we describe a straightforward LC-TRAP workflow that does not involve ligand-derived probe synthesis and is widely applicable to target discovery of NPs.

Living Cell-Target Responsive Accessibility Profiling Reveals Silibinin Targeting ACSL4 for Combating Ferroptosis.

Decorating ZnIn2S4 with earth-abundant Co9S8 and Ni2P dual cocatalysts for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Synthesis of oriented J type ZnIn2S4@CdIn2S4 heterojunction by controllable cation exchange for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Natural product celastrol is known to have various biological activities, yet its molecular targets that correspond to many activities remain unclear. Here, we used multiple mass-spectrometry-based approaches to identify catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) as a major binding target of celastrol and characterized their interaction comprehensively. Celastrol was found to inhibit the enzymatic activity of COMT and increased the dopamine level in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells significantly. Our study not only revealed a novel binding target of celastrol but also provided a new scaffold and cysteine hot spot for developing new generation COMT inhibitors in combating neurological disorders.

Integrated Mass Spectrometry Reveals Celastrol As a Novel Catechol-O-methyltransferase Inhibitor.

Breaking the symmetry of colloidal 2D nanoplatelets: Twist induced quantum coupling

As an important equipment for electrical energy transformation, the operating condition of power transformer has a great influence on the normal operation of power system. When a short-circuit fault occurs outside the transformer, the electrodynamic short-circuit force generated by the interaction between the internal short-circuit current and the strong magnetic field acts on the windings, resulting in the deformation of the windings, thus causing transformer damage. Therefore, it is important to study the distribution of leakage magnetic field inside the transformer, the distribution of electrodynamic force and the deformation on the windings after short-circuit to ensure the stable operation of the transformer. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of the transformer is established based on an actual large transformer for simulation. The simulation results show that the leakage flux after short-circuit is mainly distributed in the channel between high voltage windings (HVW) and low voltage windings (LVW). Both HVW and LVW are subjected to large force in the middle, small force at both ends and compression force in axial direction. The HVW and LVW are subjected to expansion force and extrusion force respectively in radial direction. The deformation displacement direction of windings is consistent with the electrodynamic force direction, and the deformation in the middle is the most obvious. The research results provide guidance for improving the stable operation of transformers.

Simulation Research on Electrodynamic Force and Deformation of Transformer Windings under Short-circuit Condition

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Papers

Synthesis of oriented J type ZnIn2S4@CdIn2S4 heterojunction by controllable cation exchange for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Integrated Mass Spectrometry Reveals Celastrol As a Novel Catechol-O-methyltransferase Inhibitor.

Breaking the symmetry of colloidal 2D nanoplatelets: Twist induced quantum coupling

Simulation Research on Electrodynamic Force and Deformation of Transformer Windings under Short-circuit Condition