Bismuth vanadate (BiVO(4)) nanosheets have been hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a morphology-directing template. The nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM). The BiVO(4) nanosheets had a monoclinic structure, were ca. 10-40 nm thick, and showed a preferred (010) surface orientation. The formation mechanism and the effects of reaction temperature and time on the products were investigated. UV-visible diffuse reflection spectra indicated that the BiVO(4) nanosheets had outstanding spectral selectivity and improved color properties compared with the corresponding bulk materials. Furthermore, the nanosheets showed good visible photocatalytic activities as determined by degradation of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylated rhodamine (RB) under solar irradiation.

Monoclinic structured BiVO4 nanosheets: hydrothermal preparation, formation mechanism, and coloristic and photocatalytic properties.

In this paper, MnO2 nanomaterials of different crystallographic types and crystal morphologies have been selectively synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route and electrochemically investigated as the cathode active materials of primary and rechargeable batteries. β-MnO2 nano/microstructures, including one-dimensional (1-D) nanowires, nanorods, and nanoneedles, as well as 2-D hexagramlike and dendritelike hierarchical forms, were obtained by simple hydrothermal decomposition of an Mn(NO3)2 solution under controlled reaction conditions. α- and γ-MnO2 nanowires and nanorods were also prepared on the basis of previous literature. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by instrumental analyses such as XRD, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM. Furthermore, the obtained 1-D α- and γ-MnO2 nanostructures were found to exhibit favorable discharge performance in both primary alkaline Zn−MnO2 cells and rechargeable Li−MnO2 cells, showing their potential applications in high-energy batteries.

Facile controlled synthesis of MnO2 nanostructures of novel shapes and their application in batteries.

Because of their unique chemical and physical properties, inorganic semiconducting nanostructures have gradually played a pivotal role in a variety of research fields, including electronics, chemical reactivity, energy conversion, and optics. A major feature of these nanostructures is the quantum confinement effect, which strongly depends on their size, shape, crystal structure and polydispersity. Among all developed synthetic methods, the hydrothermal method based on a water system has attracted more and more attention because of its outstanding advantages, such as high yield, simple manipulation, easy control, uniform products, lower air pollution, low energy consumption and so on. Precise control over the hydrothermal synthetic conditions is a key to the success of the preparation of high-quality inorganic semiconducting nanostructures. In this review, only the representative hydrothermal synthetic strategies of inorganic semiconducting nanostructures are selected and discussed. We will introduce the four types of strategies based on exterior reaction system adjustment, namely organic additive- and template-free hydrothermal synthesis, organic additive-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, template-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and substrate-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. In addition, the two strategies based on exterior reaction environment adjustment, including microwave-assisted and magnetic field-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, will be also described. Finally, we conclude and give the future prospects of this research area.

Hydrothermal synthetic strategies of inorganic semiconducting nanostructures

Synthesis forms a vital aspect of the science of nanomaterials. In this context, chemical methods have proved to be more effective and versatile than physical methods and have therefore, been employed widely to synthesize a variety of nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional nanocrystals, one-dimensional nanowires and nanotubes as well as two-dimensional nanofilms and nanowalls. Chemical synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has been pursued vigorously in the last few years and in this article we provide a perspective on the present status of the subject. The article includes a discussion of nanocrystals and nanowires of metals, oxides, chalcogenides and pnictides. In addition, inorganic nanotubes and nanowalls have been reviewed. Some aspects of core–shell particles, oriented attachment and the use of liquid–liquid interfaces are also presented.

https://www.bibalex.org/CSSP/papers/Attachments/Dalton_review.pdf

Synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials

Fabrication of transition metal selenides and their applications in energy storage

In the presence of surfactant, potassium stearate, quantum-confined InP nanocrystals (NCs) were hydrothermally synthesized in aqueous ammonia. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns give the zinc blende phase of InP with lattice constant a=5.8377±8×10−4 A. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs show that the as-prepared InP NCs are spherical secondary particles (120 nm) consisting of spherical nanocrystals and rod-like nanocrystals grown in the direction perpendicular to the [111] direction, which is different from those grown by solution–liquid–solid process. X-ray photoelectron spectra indicate that the nanocrystals have a stoichiometric ratio of In:P=1.2:1 and their surfaces are capped with stearate ions. Powder XRD, TEM images, Raman spectra, optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of InP NCs grown with surfactant were compared with those of the InP NCs grown without surfactant, and it indicated that the as-prepared InP NCs via surfactant-aided synthesis are quantum confined: the...

InP nanocrystals via surfactant-aided hydrothermal synthesis

The two-dimension dilute magnetic semiconductors (2D-DMS) Zn1-xMnxSe·0.5L (L = ethylenediamine or en, 1,3-propanediamine or pda, 1,4-butanediamine or bda, and 1,6-hexanediamine or hda) and their host compounds ZnSe·0.5L were prepared by solvothermal reaction in solvent L at 190 °C. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of ZnSe·0.5L are indexed as isomorphous orthorhombic lattices, whose constants c increase monotonically from L = en to L = hda. The orthorhombic lattice in ab plane of ZnSe·0.5en is a shrunken 2D superlattice (√3a×c) of the (110) plane of hexagonal ZnSe. When Zn2+ is partly substituted by Mn2+, Zn1-xMnxSe·0.5L become 2D-DMS. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra show strong Mn2+-related emission peaks at 2.07 eV (600 nm). The Mn content dependence of PL intensity of Zn1-xMnxSe·0.5hda is especially studied, and high intensities are obtained when x < 0.2. For x ≈ 0.2, the PL intensities of Zn1-xMnxSe·0.5L increase from L = en to L = hda, which can be attributed to the formation of Zn/Mn−N bond...

Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence of 2D-Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors: Zn1-xMnxSe·0.5L (L = Diamines)

The two-dimensional (2D) dilute magnetic semiconductors Cd 1 - x Mn x Se.L 0 . 5 (L = ethylenediamine, or en, and 1,6-hexanediamine, or hda, x = 0-0.8) were synthesized in an autoclave at 120 °C. Ab initio structure solution from X-ray powder diffraction reveals the host compound CdSe.hda 0 . 5 (space group, Pbca, a = 6.8852 A, b = 6.7894 A, c = 27.4113 A) is structurally analogous to CdSe.en 0 . 5 , except for a subtle difference in alignment of aliphatic diamine ligands-the hda molecule deflects from the c axis and inclines toward the b axis. CdSe.L 0 . 5 shows well-defined UV absorption and emission peaks, which is attributed to a 2D exciton band edge transition due to size confinement effect in the c direction and the only photoemission level is the 2D exciton ground state with a long lifetime (7 μs) and intrinsic line width (177 meV) at room temperature. When Cd 2 + is partly substituted by Mn 2 + , a strong Mn 2 + -related luminescence peak at 2.12 eV (584 nm) is obtained at room temperature, which can be assigned to Mn 2 + internal transition ( 4 T 1 → 6 A 1 ); its excitation peak overlaps with the photoemission peak of the 2D exciton ground state which indicates that the Mn 2 + emission is driven by the 2D exciton ground-state transition. For x = 0.02, the photoluminescence intensity of Cd 1 - x Mn x Se.hda 0 . 5 reaches maximum and enhances 28 times compared with that of Cd 1 - x Mn x Se.en. When x < 0.05, the Mn 2 + luminescence is a characteristic single-exponential decay process with a well-defined constant lifetime of 375 μs. Electron spin resonance spectra show that Mn 2 + substitutes Cd 2 + ion and forms a [MnSe 3 N] coordination tetrahedron and that there are isolated Mn 2 + luminescence centers in Cd 1 - x Mn x Se.hda 0 . 5 (x < 0.05), which is the key factor for their stronger luminescence character compared to Cd 1 - x Mn x Se.en 0 . 5 .

Structure and Luminescence of 2D Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors: Cd1-xMnxSe·L0.5 (L = Diamines)

α-MnSe crystallites through solvothermal reaction in ethylenediamine

CdSe·hda0.5 (hda = 1, 6-hexanediamine) is a kind of layered ordered-bonding inorganic/organic hybrid compound. Density functional calculation of CdSe·hda0.5 based on general gradient approximation was carried out to optimize its structure, analyze its energy band, and predict its optical and electric properties. The result shows that in CdSe·hda0.5, the distorted [CdSe3N] tetrahedra interlink with adjacent ones by sharing three Se vertices and form [CdSe] monolayers, which were separated by all-trans hda molecules with the space of 1.38 nm. Compared with bulk CdSe, CdSe·hda0.5 has a direct blue-shifted band gap at Brillouin zone center, narrowed highest valence band (HVB), and lowest conducting band (LCB) with doublet line character. The band-edge states show dispersion anisotropy between the in-plane and normal direction of [CdSe] monolayers, which was attributed to the layered structure character. The hda molecules function as an energy barrier to confine the valence electron in [CdSe] monolayer and res...

Density Functional Study of 2D Semiconductor CdSe·hda0.5 (hda = 1,6-hexanediamine) and Its Excitonic Optical Properties

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